本文選題：空氣污染　切入點(diǎn)：細(xì)顆粒物　出處：《重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的通過(guò)對(duì)重慶市主城區(qū)空氣污染物與兒童呼吸系統(tǒng)門診數(shù)據(jù)的收集、整理與分析,探索可吸入顆粒物PM10、細(xì)顆粒污染物PM2.5、臭氧、二氧化氮、二氧化硫?qū)和咳蘸粑到y(tǒng)門診就診量的影響,分析不同季節(jié)里空氣污染物對(duì)兒童每日呼吸系統(tǒng)門診就診量的影響。方法收集重慶市主城區(qū)2015年6月1日至2016年5月31日于重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬兒童醫(yī)院就診的兒童呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病門診量,收集同時(shí)期每日可吸入顆粒物PM10、細(xì)顆粒污染物PM2.5、臭氧、二氧化氮、二氧化硫監(jiān)測(cè)濃度,及每日最高氣溫與最低氣溫等氣象數(shù)據(jù)。用Spearman秩相關(guān)分析重慶市主城區(qū)兒童呼吸系統(tǒng)門診量與氣象因素、各污染物的相關(guān)性;采用半?yún)?shù)廣義相加模型(Semi-parametric Generalized Additive Model,SGAM),在控制氣象因素、周效應(yīng)、季節(jié)趨勢(shì)及其他時(shí)間隨機(jī)效應(yīng)等可能混雜因素基礎(chǔ)上,納入0-5天滯后效應(yīng),定量分析重慶市主城區(qū)PM10、PM2.5、、臭氧、二氧化氮、二氧化硫?qū)和咳蘸粑到y(tǒng)門診就診量的影響。結(jié)果2015年6月1日至2016年5月31日重慶市主城區(qū)污染物PM10、PM2.5、臭氧、二氧化氮、二氧化硫平均濃度分別為73.305±30.539μg/m~3、49.200±23.848μg/m~3、85.800±48.613μg/m~3、42.422±11.138μg/m~3、14.106±5.425μg/m~3。污染物分布有季節(jié)性。Spearman秩相關(guān)分析結(jié)果顯示重慶市主城區(qū)兒童呼吸系統(tǒng)門診量與PM2.5、二氧化氮、二氧化硫正相關(guān)(分別為r=0.1260,P=0.0159、r=0.1362,P=0.0091、r=0.2212,P.0001),與臭氧、平均氣溫負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.4189,P.0001、r=-0.4919,P.0001);平均氣溫與門診量、PM2.5、二氧化氮、二氧化硫均負(fù)相關(guān)(分別為r=-0.4919,P.0001、r=-0.2078,P.0001、r=-0.1534,P=0.0033、r=-0.3574,P.0001),與臭氧正相關(guān)(r=0.6727,P.0001)。SGAM在控制氣象因素、周效應(yīng)、季節(jié)變換及其他隨時(shí)間效應(yīng)混雜因素的基礎(chǔ)上,PM10、PM2.5、臭氧、二氧化氮、二氧化硫?qū)和咳蘸粑到y(tǒng)就診量有滯后效應(yīng)。PM10滯后2天、4天時(shí)對(duì)兒童呼吸系統(tǒng)門診量造成影響最大,濃度每升高10μg/m 3(lag2)兒童呼吸系統(tǒng)門診量增加0.128%(t=2.66,P=0.0085);PM2.5滯后2天時(shí)對(duì)兒童呼吸系統(tǒng)門診量造成影響最大,PM2.5濃度每升高10μg/m 3(lag2)兒童呼吸系統(tǒng)門診量增加0.187%(t=2.95,P=0.0035)。臭氧、二氧化氮、二氧化硫滯后2天時(shí)對(duì)兒童呼吸系統(tǒng)門診量影響最大,濃度每升高10μg/m~3(lag2)兒童呼吸系統(tǒng)門診量增加0.121%(t=2.65,P=0.0086)、0.562%(t=3.87,P=0.0001)、1.020%(t=3.20,P=0.0016)。不同季節(jié)滯后效應(yīng)有差異,春季污染物的滯后期差別較大,PM10、PM2.5、二氧化氮、二氧化硫滯后期為1天,臭氧滯后期為4天時(shí)擬合較好;夏季滯后期超過(guò)2天擬合較好,二氧化氮、二氧化硫滯后期為2天,PM10滯后期5天時(shí)擬合較好;秋季滯后期均不超過(guò)2天,二氧化硫滯后0天,PM10、PM2.5、二氧化氮滯后2天擬合較好;冬季滯后期較短,均不超過(guò)1天。結(jié)論本研究為可吸入顆粒物PM10、細(xì)顆粒污染物PM2.5、臭氧、二氧化氮、二氧化硫?qū)和粑到y(tǒng)健康效應(yīng)提供參考,重慶市主城區(qū)空氣污染物對(duì)兒童呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病門診人次數(shù)有影響,空氣顆粒物污染水平越高,兒童呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病門診人次數(shù)越多,且對(duì)人體的作用具有滯后效應(yīng)。不同季節(jié)空氣顆粒污染物對(duì)兒童呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病門診人次數(shù)影響不同,滯后期也不同。
[Abstract]:The purpose of the city of Chongqing, city air pollution and children's respiratory outpatient data collection, collation and analysis, to explore the inhalable particles PM10, PM2.5 fine particulate pollutants, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide influence on children daily respiratory outpatient volume, analysis of the influence of different season air pollutants on children daily respiratory clinic the amount of outpatient pediatric respiratory diseases. Methods in Chongqing city from June 1, 2015 to May 31, 2016 at the children's Hospital Affiliated to Medical University Of Chongqing, collected during the same period the daily PM10 PM10 fine particulate pollutants PM2.5, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide concentration monitoring, and the daily maximum temperature and minimum temperature and other meteorological data. Using Spearman rank correlation the analysis of Chongqing city children's respiratory outpatient and meteorological factors, the pollutants are Correlation; using semi parametric generalized additive model (Semi-parametric Generalized Additive Model, SGAM), in the control of meteorological factors, week effect, seasonal trends and other possible confounding factors such as random effect time basis, into the 0-5 day lag effect, quantitative analysis of the main urban area of Chongqing City, PM10, PM2.5, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide on impact children's daily respiratory outpatient volume. Results from June 1, 2015 to May 31, 2016 in Chongqing city and the PM10, PM2.5, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide concentration were 73.305 + 30.539 g/m~3,49.200 + 23.848 g/m~3,85.800 + 48.613 g/m~3,42.422 + 11.138 g/m~3,14.106 + 5.425 g/m~3. contaminant distribution seasonal.Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that in Chongqing city children's respiratory outpatients with PM2.5, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur oxide, two positive correlation (respectively r=0.1 260, P=0.0159, r=0.1362, P=0.0091, r=0.2212, P.0001), and ozone, the average temperature negative correlation (r=-0.4189, P.0001, r=-0.4919, P.0001); the average temperature and outpatient amount, PM2.5, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide were negatively correlated (r=-0.4919, P.0001, r=, -0.2078, P.0001, r=-0.1534, P=0.0033, r=-0.3574, P.0001), positive correlation with ozone (r=0.6727, P.0001).SGAM in the control of meteorological factors, week effect, seasonal change with time and other confounding factors and effect on the basis of PM10, PM2.5, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, two has the lag effect of.PM10 lag of 2 days on children's respiratory daily visits, 4 days on children's respiratory system outpatient impact maximum concentrations increased every 10 g/m 3 (lag2) in children with respiratory outpatient increased 0.128% (t=2.66, P=0.0085); PM2.5 delay 2 days on children's respiratory outpatient caused the greatest impact, PM2.5 concentrations increased every 10 g/m (3 La G2) children's respiratory outpatient increased 0.187% (t=2.95, P=0.0035). Ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide lag of 2 days of childhood respiratory outpatient affected concentrations increased every 10 g/m~3 (lag2) in children with respiratory outpatient increased 0.121% (t=2.65, P=0.0086), 0.562% (t=3.87, P=0.0001, (1.020%) t=3.20, P=0.0016) in different seasons. The lag effect between spring pollutants lag phase difference, PM10, PM2.5, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide lag period of 1 days, the ozone lag period of 4 days when the fitting is better; the summer lag period over 2 days of good fitting of nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide lag period of 2 days, the PM10 lag the 5 day lag period were fitted well; autumn is not more than 2 days, the sulfur dioxide lag of 0 days, PM10, PM2.5, NO2 lag 2 days fitting better; winter lag time is relatively short, not more than 1 days. Conclusion this study of respirable particulate matter PM10, fine grain PM2.5 particle pollutants, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and provide reference for health effects on children's respiratory system, Chongqing city has the effect of air pollutants on children's respiratory system disease outpatient number, the higher the level of particulate air pollution, the more the number of children's respiratory disease clinic, and the role of the human body has a lag effect. The effect of air particulate pollutants in different seasons on children's respiratory system diseases outpatient number of different lag period is different.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R725.6

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