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52例兒童諾如病毒性腹瀉病原學(xué)與臨床特征研究

發(fā)布時間:2018-03-21 14:13

  本文選題:病毒性腹瀉 切入點:諾如病毒 出處:《吉林大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文


【摘要】:目的:本研究旨在探討兒童諾如病毒性腹瀉的病原學(xué)特征。分析諾如病毒的分子生物學(xué)特點。了解諾如病毒性腹瀉的主要臨床特征。為兒童諾如病毒感染的預(yù)防、治療提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。 方法:收集2013年1月~2014年1月在長春市兒童醫(yī)院住院的病毒性腹瀉患兒的糞便標(biāo)本,Trizol法提取病毒RNA,采用引物P289/290進(jìn)行逆轉(zhuǎn)錄-聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)(RT-PCR)檢測諾如病毒。選取部分陽性標(biāo)本擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行測序,將測序結(jié)果在Blast中查對,使用軟件Clustal W進(jìn)行多序列對比,DNAMAN進(jìn)行核苷酸序列同源性分析,并用MEGA6.0繪制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化樹。同時分析患者的臨床資料,應(yīng)用軟件SPSS17.0進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析。 結(jié)果:2013年1月~2014年1月,共收集長春市兒童醫(yī)院病毒性腹瀉患兒糞便標(biāo)本311例,諾如病毒陽性共有52例,檢出率為16.72%(52/311)。對其中9株進(jìn)行測序,5株成功。序列分析結(jié)果表明5株均為GⅡ組,4株為GⅡ.4型,與日本Sakai高度同源;1株為GⅡ.6型,與日本Saitama、Ehime同源性較高。諾如病毒性腹瀉每月均有發(fā)病,季節(jié)性差異不明顯。性別分布男女之比為1.08:1,無明顯性別差異。1歲以內(nèi)諾如病毒檢出率最高,,為32.35%(33/102),高于1歲以上年齡組。臨床表現(xiàn)主要為腹瀉,占100%(52/52);其他癥狀有嘔吐61.54%(32/52);發(fā)熱69.23%(36/52);嚴(yán)重者可出現(xiàn)脫水癥狀,占48.08%(25/52)。諾如病毒感染可累及多器官,伴有呼吸道感染者占48.08%(25/52),伴心肌損害占44.23%(23/52)。所有患兒經(jīng)對癥治療,治愈出院占38.46%(20/52),好轉(zhuǎn)出院占61.54%(32/52),平均住院為5.5±1.45天。 結(jié)論:1.諾如病毒是引起兒童病毒性腹瀉的重要病原之一。2.諾如病毒感染呈現(xiàn)基因多樣性特征,GⅡ.4為本研究檢出主要基因型,GⅡ.6在長春地區(qū)首次被檢出。3.感染以1歲以內(nèi)居多。4.臨床表現(xiàn)為腹瀉、發(fā)熱、嘔吐,可累及其他系統(tǒng),治療上以對癥為主。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the etiological characteristics of norovirus diarrhea in children, to analyze the molecular biological characteristics of norovirus, to understand the main clinical features of norovirus diarrhea and to prevent the infection of norovirus in children. Treatment provides scientific basis. Methods: from January 2013 to January 2014, fecal samples of children with viral diarrhea in Changchun Children's Hospital were collected to extract viral RNAs by Trizol method. Primer P289 / 290 was used to detect Norovirus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The amplification products of some positive specimens were sequenced. The results of sequencing were checked in Blast, the homology of nucleotide sequence was analyzed by Clustal W, and the phylogenetic tree was plotted by MEGA6.0. The clinical data of patients were analyzed, and the statistical analysis was carried out by using the software SPSS17.0. Results: from January 2013 to January 2014, stool specimens of children with viral diarrhea in Changchun Children's Hospital were collected. The detection rate was 16.72 / 3110.The results showed that 5 of the 5 strains were G 鈪

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