本文關(guān)鍵詞： 營養(yǎng)不良 生長遲緩 消瘦 兒童青少年 中國　出處：《北京大學(xué)學(xué)報(醫(yī)學(xué)版)》2017年03期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：目的:了解2005年至2014年中國7~18歲兒童青少年營養(yǎng)不良的流行現(xiàn)狀及其變化趨勢,為改善學(xué)生的營養(yǎng)狀況提供依據(jù)。方法:利用2005年、2010年和2014年3次"中國學(xué)生體質(zhì)與健康調(diào)研"數(shù)據(jù),按照2014年頒布的國家衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《學(xué)齡兒童青少年營養(yǎng)不良篩查標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(WS/T456-2014),對中國31個省市自治區(qū)(除港澳臺)7~18歲兒童青少年的營養(yǎng)不良檢出率分性別、分年齡、分地區(qū)和省市自治區(qū)以及年份進(jìn)行分析,西藏自治區(qū)為藏族學(xué)生,其他30個省市自治區(qū)均為漢族學(xué)生。結(jié)果:2014年中國7~18歲漢族學(xué)生的營養(yǎng)不良檢出率為10.0%,其中生長遲緩、中重度消瘦、輕度消瘦分別為0.8%、3.7%、5.5%,較2005和2010年營養(yǎng)不良檢出率分別下降了5.0和2.6個百分點(diǎn),其中生長遲緩、中重度消瘦、輕度消瘦分別下降1.0、1.8、2.2個百分點(diǎn)和0.4、1.1、1.2個百分點(diǎn);2014年7~18歲男生營養(yǎng)不良檢出率高于女生(11.1%vs.8.9%),鄉(xiāng)村高于城市(11.0%vs.9.1%),7~9歲、10~12歲、13~15歲和16~18歲4個年齡段的檢出率分別為10.5%、9.0%、9.1%、11.5%,東、中、西部分別為9.0%、9.2%和11.7%;我國學(xué)生營養(yǎng)不良主要以輕度消瘦為主,漢族和藏族學(xué)生的生長遲緩檢出在營養(yǎng)不良中僅占到8.0%和7.5%;2005年至2014年的3次調(diào)查中,中國7~18歲漢族和藏族學(xué)生的營養(yǎng)不良檢出率均逐次下降,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P0.05);2005年至2014年全國31個省市自治區(qū)男女生的營養(yǎng)不良檢出率較高,多集中在西南地區(qū),東部省市自治區(qū)營養(yǎng)不良檢出率較低;與2005年和2010年相比,2014年全國31個省市自治區(qū)營養(yǎng)不良檢出率均出現(xiàn)下降,且營養(yǎng)不良檢出率較高的地區(qū)逐漸減少,檢出率較低的地區(qū)逐漸增多。結(jié)論:2005年至2014年全國31個省市自治區(qū)的7~18歲兒童青少年的營養(yǎng)不良檢出率呈持續(xù)下降趨勢,但總體檢出率仍然較高,以消瘦型營養(yǎng)不良為主,生長遲緩檢出率低,西南地區(qū)各省市自治區(qū)營養(yǎng)不良檢出率較高。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the prevalence and trend of malnutrition among children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years from 2005 to 2014 in China. Methods: using the data of Chinese students' physique and health survey on 2005, 2010 and 2014. According to the National Health Standard "Standards for malnutrition screening of school-age children and adolescents" issued in 2014, the prevalence rate of malnutrition in 31 provinces and autonomous regions of China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, Taiwan and 7 years old) was divided by sex and age, according to WSR / T 456-2014. By region, province, province, autonomous region and year, Tibet Autonomous region was a Tibetan student, while the other 30 provinces and cities and autonomous regions were all Han nationality students. Results: in 2014, the prevalence rate of malnutrition among Chinese students aged 7 to 18 years was 10.0, including growth retardation. Moderate and severe emaciation and mild wasting were 0.8% and 3.77%, respectively, which were 5.0 and 2.6 percentage points lower than those of 2005 and 2010, respectively. In 2014, the prevalence rate of malnutrition in boys aged 718 was higher than that in girls (11.1vs.8.9), and in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas (11.0vs.9.1g). The detectable rates of mild emaciation were 10.55.09.0% for 1315 years old and 10.59.15 years old for 1315 years and 1618 years old, respectively. In the west, 9.02% and 11.7am, respectively. The main causes of malnutrition in our country were slight wasting. The growth retardation of Han nationality and Tibetan students accounted for only 8.0% and 7.5% of the malnutrition, and in the three surveys from 2005 to 2014, The prevalence rate of malnutrition among Han and Tibetan students aged 7 to 18 years in China decreased one by one, and the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). From 2005 to 2014, the prevalence rate of malnutrition among male and female students in 31 provinces and autonomous regions of China was higher, mostly in southwest China. The prevalence rate of malnutrition in eastern provinces and autonomous regions was lower than that in 2005 and 2010. In 2014, the prevalence rate of malnutrition in 31 provinces and autonomous regions of China decreased, and the prevalence rate of malnutrition decreased gradually in the areas with higher malnutrition rates. Conclusion: from 2005 to 2014, the prevalence rate of malnutrition among 718 year old children and adolescents in 31 provinces and autonomous regions of China showed a continuous downward trend, but the overall detection rate was still relatively high, mainly in the form of wasting malnutrition. The detection rate of growth retardation was low, and the rate of malnutrition was higher in provinces, cities and autonomous regions of Southwest China.
【作者單位】： 北京大學(xué)兒童青少年衛(wèi)生研究所;寧夏醫(yī)科大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院流行病與衛(wèi)生統(tǒng)計學(xué)系;
【基金】：全國學(xué)生體質(zhì)與健康調(diào)研項目資助~~
【分類號】：R723.2
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本文編號：1543137