黏膜下激素注射聯(lián)合內(nèi)鏡擴張治療兒童難治性食管良性狹窄的臨床分析
本文關(guān)鍵詞:黏膜下激素注射聯(lián)合內(nèi)鏡擴張治療兒童難治性食管良性狹窄的臨床分析 出處:《大連醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文
更多相關(guān)文章: 食管良性狹窄 探條擴張術(shù) 糖皮質(zhì)激素 兒童 內(nèi)鏡治療
【摘要】:背景與目的:兒童食管良性狹窄是由化學(xué)腐蝕性燒傷、術(shù)后吻合口狹窄等多種原因引起的且不伴有惡性病變的食管狹窄,不同程度的吞咽困難為常見伴隨癥狀,由于狹窄管腔無法擴張至理想直徑或短期內(nèi)復(fù)發(fā)需要頻繁治療,嚴(yán)重影響兒童的正常生長發(fā)育,甚至危及患兒生命。目前常用的治療方法主要有食管擴張術(shù)、支架置入術(shù)、食管重建術(shù)等,由于其遠(yuǎn)期療效較差或并發(fā)癥較多,故目前尚無統(tǒng)一有效的治療措施。近年來糖皮質(zhì)激素開始用于治療食管良性狹窄,它通過抑制狹窄處毛細(xì)血管及纖維母細(xì)胞增生而延緩肉芽組織生成。盡管已有研究顯示于食管良性狹窄患者中行糖皮質(zhì)激素注射治療可有效延緩復(fù)發(fā)時間并減少復(fù)發(fā)頻率,但其多為針對成人患者的小樣本非隨機對照研究。由于引起兒童食管良性狹窄的病因較為特殊且兒童機體損傷修復(fù)能力較強,故再狹窄的發(fā)生率及難治率較成人為高,同時由于糖皮質(zhì)激素在兒童中用藥的特殊性,黏膜下糖皮質(zhì)激素注射治療對于兒童難治性食管良性狹窄的療效尚不確定,同時其在兒童中的最佳注射頻率和注射劑量尚無文獻報道。因此,本研究主要針對5歲以下兒童難治性食管良性狹窄患者,采用擴張聯(lián)合激素注射治療前后自身對照及與單純擴張組隨機對照的研究方法,通過一系列療效觀察,旨在探討激素聯(lián)合擴張治療對兒童難治性食管良性狹窄的療效。 方法:采用前瞻性研究方法依據(jù)納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)選取北京軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)鏡中心2010年12月至2013年6月收治的38例難治性食管良性狹窄患兒,根據(jù)臨床表現(xiàn)及胃鏡或上消化道鋇餐檢查明確患兒病因、狹窄部位、范圍及程度。研究隨機分為對照組與實驗組:對照組26例患兒采用單一接受沙式探條擴張的方法治療;實驗組12例患兒采用探條擴張后隨即于狹窄部位分象限注射5mg/ml地塞米松的方法治療,激素注射劑量嚴(yán)格依據(jù)兒童實際公斤體重計算,患兒依個體差異接受一至三療程注射治療(第一療程每周注射1次連續(xù)4次,第二療程每兩周注射1次連續(xù)2次,第三療程每四周注射一次連續(xù)2次)。觀察記錄所有患者擴張次數(shù)、隨訪時間、癥狀緩解時間、進食積分、并發(fā)癥及不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況,并通過計算患者周期擴張指數(shù)(PDI指數(shù)=擴張次數(shù)/隨訪時間)及治療3月后復(fù)發(fā)率來進一步評估黏膜下注射糖皮質(zhì)激素對于探條擴張治療是否有輔助效果。 結(jié)果:實驗組與對照組患兒在性別、年齡、病因、狹窄部位、狹窄程度、吞咽困難程度及擴張療效等方面均無明顯差異(P>0.05)。兩組患兒均進行了有效擴張,實驗組共進行111次(平均9.25±2.14次/人)擴張,對照組共進行345次(平均13.27±6.77次/人)擴張(t=1.999,P=0.007);實驗組平均PDI指數(shù)為1.22±0.30,對照組平均PDI指數(shù)為1.62±0.68(t=1.909,P=0.007)。實驗組中12名患兒共接受68次(平均5.50±1.51次/人)激素注射治療,接受激素注射治療前平均擴張11.17±5.78次/人,治療結(jié)束后平均擴張3.75±1.66次/人(t=3.712,P=0.035);注射前平均PDI指數(shù)為2.18±0.59,注射后平均PDI指數(shù)為0.52±0.17(t=8.132,P=0.025)。實驗組患兒接受擴張聯(lián)合激素注射治療后進食積分下降3.17±0.72級,對照組進食積分下降1.81±0.40級(t=7.500,P=0.030);平均癥狀緩解時間在實驗組為92.67±18.49天,在對照組為17.42±11.12天(t=15.633,P=0.042)。研究中共有6例患兒發(fā)生反流性食管炎,1例少量滲血,1例發(fā)生肺部感染,1例出現(xiàn)頸部皮下氣腫,上述并發(fā)癥經(jīng)內(nèi)科保守治療后均已好轉(zhuǎn),無使用激素不良反應(yīng)事件發(fā)生。隨訪3月內(nèi)復(fù)發(fā)者共21人,其中實驗組復(fù)發(fā)率為16.7%(2/12),對照組復(fù)發(fā)率為73.1%(19/26)(x2=10.290,P=0.001)。 結(jié)論:在兒童難治性食管良性狹窄患者中采用黏膜下注射糖皮質(zhì)激素聯(lián)合探條擴張治療可有效減少擴張次數(shù),降低重復(fù)擴張需要,延長癥狀緩解時間,改善吞咽困難癥狀并降低近期復(fù)發(fā)頻率;可將黏膜下局部注射糖皮質(zhì)激素作為內(nèi)鏡擴張治療的有效輔助方法應(yīng)用于臨床。
[Abstract]:BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE : This study is mainly aimed at the treatment of benign esophageal stenosis in children due to its poor long - term curative effect or complication . Methods : A prospective study was conducted to determine the etiology , stenosis site , range and extent of 38 cases of refractory esophageal benign stenosis from December 2010 to June 2013 in Beijing Military Region General Hospital . The study was divided into control group and experimental group . All patient dilatation times , follow - up time , symptom relief time , eating integration , complications and adverse reactions occurred were observed and evaluated by calculating the patient ' s cycle expansion index ( PDI index = expansion number / follow - up time ) and the recurrence rate after treatment for 3 months . Results : There was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group ( P > 0.05 ) . In the experimental group , there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ) . There were 111 ( mean 9.25 鹵 2.14 times / person ) expansion in the experimental group . The average PDI of the experimental group was 1.22 鹵 0.30 , the average PDI of the control group was 1 . 62 鹵 0.68 ( t = 1.909 , P = 0.007 ) . There were 68 ( mean 5.50 鹵 1 . 51 times per person ) hormone injection in 12 children in the experimental group . The average dilation before injection was 11.17 鹵 5.78 times / person ( t = 3.712 , P = 0.035 ) . The average PDI index before injection was 2.18 鹵 0.59 , and the mean PDI index after injection was 0.52 鹵 0.17 ( t = 8.132 , P = 0.025 ) . In the experimental group , the feeding score decreased by 3 . 17 鹵 0 . 72 , and that of the control group was 1 . 81 鹵 0 . 40 ( t = 7 . 500 , P = 0.030 ) . The mean symptom response time was 92.67 鹵 18.49 days in the experimental group and 17.42 鹵 11.12 days in the control group ( t = 15.633 , P = 0.042 ) . There were 6 children with reflux esophagitis , 1 case with small bleeding , 1 case of pulmonary infection , 1 case with cervical subcutaneous emphysema , and the complications were improved after internal conservative treatment . There were 21 patients with recurrence in the follow - up period . The recurrence rate in the experimental group was 16.7 % ( 2 / 12 ) , and the recurrence rate in the control group was 73.1 % ( 19 / 26 ) ( x2 = 10.290 , P = 0.001 ) . Conclusion : Submucous injection of glucocorticoid in patients with refractory esophageal benign stricture can effectively reduce the number of dilatation , reduce the need of repeated dilatation , prolong the time of symptom relief , improve the symptoms of swallowing difficulty and reduce the recurrence frequency in the near term , and can be used for clinical application of local injection of glucocorticoid as an effective auxiliary method for endoscopic dilation therapy .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:大連醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類號】:R726.5
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