本文關(guān)鍵詞：大連市近五年出生缺陷現(xiàn)況研究　出處：《大連醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 出生缺陷 發(fā)生率 監(jiān)測資料

【摘要】：目的：通過對2008~2012年大連市出生缺陷監(jiān)測資料的分析，了解大連市出生缺陷的現(xiàn)狀及流行規(guī)律，為政府制定有關(guān)控制出生缺陷的策略和措施提供依據(jù)，達(dá)到預(yù)防及減少出生缺陷兒的發(fā)生，提高人口出生質(zhì)量的目的。 方法：從大連市婦幼保健院監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)中獲得2008~2012年出生缺陷發(fā)病數(shù)共232894例(包括活產(chǎn)、死胎、死產(chǎn)、孕滿28周計(jì)劃內(nèi)引產(chǎn)的圍產(chǎn)兒)，該數(shù)據(jù)來源于大連市所有二級以上助產(chǎn)單位出生的孕滿28周至產(chǎn)后7天的圍產(chǎn)兒。采用描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方法，描述大連市2008~2012年出生缺陷總的發(fā)生趨勢；比較出生缺陷發(fā)生狀況的城鄉(xiāng)和性別差異；描述主要出生缺陷種類的構(gòu)成比、發(fā)生人次、發(fā)生順位及性別分布特征。采用EXCEL2007建立數(shù)據(jù)庫，計(jì)算所需指標(biāo)。采用spss13.0軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析，利用卡方檢驗(yàn)比較組間發(fā)生率。 結(jié)果：2008~2012年全市共監(jiān)測232894例圍產(chǎn)兒，其中出生缺陷發(fā)生數(shù)為1970例，總發(fā)生率為84.59/萬。出生缺陷平均發(fā)生率城市為90.32/萬，農(nóng)村為74.49/萬，城市高于農(nóng)村，，差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ~2=21.817，P0.05)。出生缺陷發(fā)生率的性別分布特征表現(xiàn)為男性高于女性（男性為93.46/萬，女性為74.89/萬），男女性別間的出生缺陷發(fā)生率差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ~2=2.441，P0.05)。腸肛門閉鎖或狹窄、多指趾、外耳畸形、總唇裂、并指趾發(fā)生率男性明顯高于女性，而腭裂發(fā)生率女性則明顯高于男性。大連市2008年~2012年不同出生缺陷發(fā)生順位位居前5位的是：先天性心臟病、多指趾、外耳畸形、總唇裂和并指趾，其構(gòu)成比分別為19.27%、12.91%、8.61%、5.61%和5.29%。先天性心臟病的構(gòu)成比逐年增加，多指趾、外耳畸形的構(gòu)成比也有所增加，而NTD的構(gòu)成則呈遞減趨勢，腦積水的構(gòu)成比也在逐漸減少。 結(jié)論：1.大連市2008~2012年間，圍產(chǎn)兒出生缺陷的發(fā)生率變化不大，基本波動在83/萬~86/萬之間。大連市出生缺陷發(fā)生率明顯低于全國水平。 2.大連市2008~2012年出生缺陷發(fā)生率城市高于農(nóng)村、男性高于女性。 3.大連市2008年~2012年出生缺陷發(fā)生順位前5位的是先天性心臟病、多指趾、外耳畸形、總唇裂和并指趾。其中先天性心臟病是出生缺陷中最常見的一類。
[Abstract]:Objective: to analyze the monitoring data of birth defects in Dalian from 2008 to 2012 in order to understand the present situation and prevalence of birth defects in Dalian. It provides the basis for the government to formulate the strategies and measures to control birth defects, to prevent and reduce the occurrence of birth defects and to improve the birth quality of the population. Methods: 232894 cases of birth defects (including live birth, stillbirth and stillbirth) were obtained from the monitoring data of Dalian Maternal and Child Health Hospital from 2008 to 2012. The data of induced labor in 28 weeks of gestation were obtained from 28 weeks to 7 days of postpartum in all the second degree and above midwifery units in Dalian. The descriptive statistical analysis method was used. The general trend of birth defects from 2008 to 2012 in Dalian is described. Comparing the urban and rural gender differences of birth defects; This paper describes the composition ratio of main birth defect types, occurrence times, occurrence sequence and sex distribution characteristics. EXCEL2007 is used to establish the database. Spss13.0 software was used to analyze the data, and chi-square test was used to compare the incidence between groups. Results A total of 232894 perinatal infants were monitored in the city from August 2008 to 2012, including 1 070 cases of birth defects. The total incidence rate was 84.59 / 10000. The average incidence of birth defects was 90.32 / 10000 in urban and 74.49 / 10000 in rural areas, which was higher in urban than in rural areas. The difference was statistically significant (蠂 ~ 2 = 21.817, P 0.05). The sex distribution of birth defects in males was higher than that in females (93.46 / 10 000 in males). The incidence of birth defects was significantly different between male and female (蠂 2 / 2 441), intestinal anus atresia or stenosis, polyphalangeal deformity and external ear malformation. The incidence of total cleft lip and phalanx was significantly higher in males than in females. The incidence of cleft palate in women was significantly higher than that in men. From 2008 to 2012, the incidence of different birth defects in Dalian was ranked in the first five places: congenital heart disease, polyphalangeal deformity and deformity of the external ear. The constituent ratio of total cleft lip and syndactyly was 19.27% 12.91% and 5.29%, respectively. The proportion of congenital heart disease increased year by year, polyphalangeal toe. The composition ratio of external ear malformation also increased, while the composition of NTD decreased and hydrocephalus gradually decreased. Conclusion 1. The incidence of perinatal birth defects in Dalian city changed little from 2008 to 2012. The basic fluctuation was between 83 / 10,000 and 8.6 / 10. The incidence of birth defects in Dalian was significantly lower than that in the whole country. 2. The incidence of birth defects in Dalian from 2008 to 2012 was higher in urban than in rural areas, and higher in males than in females. 3. Congenital heart disease, polyphalangeal deformity and deformity of the external ear were the top 5 cases of birth defects in Dalian from 2008 to 2012. Cleft lip and syndactyly. Congenital heart disease is the most common type of birth defects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R174

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