蛋白質(zhì)供應(yīng)是馬拉維以及整個(gè)非洲最重要的問(wèn)題之一。馬拉維國(guó)土面積小,養(yǎng)豬業(yè)尚處于初級(jí)階段,但發(fā)展?jié)摿薮�。全�?guó)生豬存欄量超過(guò)3,000,000頭,主要集中于農(nóng)村。養(yǎng)豬業(yè)對(duì)于農(nóng)村和城市都是重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)業(yè)。豬肉消費(fèi)量、生豬交易量和有機(jī)肥料是評(píng)價(jià)當(dāng)?shù)仞B(yǎng)豬業(yè)的重要指標(biāo)。馬拉維政府重視養(yǎng)豬生產(chǎn),并致力于提高生豬飼養(yǎng)、育種和疫病控制,促進(jìn)養(yǎng)豬生產(chǎn)。為提高胴體品質(zhì)、產(chǎn)仔數(shù)和肉品數(shù)量,還開(kāi)展了與外來(lái)品種的雜交育種工作。政府對(duì)非洲豬瘟等疾病進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格防控。政策上鼓勵(lì)肉品生產(chǎn),控制危害人類(lèi)健康的疾病,養(yǎng)豬主要供當(dāng)?shù)叵M(fèi),剩余的用來(lái)出口。在馬拉維,相比其他家畜對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)刎i繁殖性能的研究很少。當(dāng)?shù)刎i群因某些疫病的周期性暴發(fā)而減少,如非洲豬瘟。另一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)是體內(nèi)外寄生蟲(chóng)病的爆發(fā)。這些疾病的發(fā)生會(huì)影響到各年齡段生豬的生產(chǎn)性能和繁殖性能,造成局部地區(qū)甚至全國(guó)范圍的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。豬的繁殖能力高,每年可產(chǎn)多胎；但有關(guān)動(dòng)物遺傳資源保護(hù)的資料缺乏。在馬拉維,與移地保護(hù)相對(duì)應(yīng)的是就地保護(hù)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)移地保護(hù)更加可行,主要方法包括豬精液、卵母細(xì)胞以及胚胎的玻璃化冷凍。玻璃化冷凍即在液氮中保存精子、卵母細(xì)胞或胚胎的方法,可用于瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)物資源... 

【文章來(lái)源】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)江蘇省 211工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：94 頁(yè)

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
Part 1:Literature Review
    Chapter 1:GENERAL SITUATION ON EMBRYO PRODUCTION IN FARM ANIMALS
        1.1 SUCCESS OF EMBRYO PRODUCTION BY ICSI METHOD IN PIG AND OTHER FARM ANIMALS
        1.2 ICSI PROCESS AND ELECTRIC ACTIVATION OF OOCYTES
        1.3 THE STATUS OF IN VITRO FERTILIZATION TECHNIQUE IN EMBRYO PRODUCTION
        1.4 THE PROSPECTS OF SOMATIC CELL NUCLEAR TRANSFER
            1.4.1 SELECTION OF DONOR CELLS
            1.4.2 ENUCLEATION OF RECIPIENT CELLS AND NUCLEAR TRANSFER
            1.4.3 ACTIVATION
            1.4.4 EMBRYO CULTURE
            1.4.5 REMODELLING AND REPROGRAMMING
Part 2:EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
    Chapter 2:MALAWI SITUATION ON PIG AND OTHER FARM ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCESCONSERVATION
        2.1 INTRODUCTION
            2.1.1 PREVIOUS AND ONGOING EFFORTS BY OTHER SCIENTISTS IN MALAWI
            2.1.2 CROSSBREEDING PROGRAMME
            2.1.3 PIGS
            2.1.4 CATTLE
            2.1.5 SMALL RUMINANTS
            2.1.6 CHICKENS
        2.2 SELECTION
            2.2.1 CATTLE
            2.2.2 SMALL RUMINANTS
            2.2.3 POULTRY
            2.2.4 PIGS
        2.3 CURRENT NATIONAL STRATEGIES FOR CONSERVATION,IMPRVEMENT AND UTILIZATION OF FARM ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES(AnGRs)
            2.3.1 BREED SURVEY AND FIELD GUIDES
            2.3.2 COMMUNITY BASED LIVESTOCK ACTIVITIES
            2.3.3 PROPOSALS
            2.3.4 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGIES ACTION PLAN
            2.3.5 CONSTRAITS IN GENETIC IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMMES
            2.3.6 MALAWI LOCAL PIG BREED
            2.3.7 PIG NUMBERS AND OWNERSHIP PATTERN
        2.4 THE VALUE OF LOCAL PIGS AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN MALAWI
            2.4.1 POVERTY ALLEVIATION PERSPECTIVE
            2.4.2 AS SOURCE OF FOOD
            2.4.3 TOLERANCE TO DISEASES AND PARASITES
            2.4.4 DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
            2.4.5 RESEARCH NEEDS
            2.4.6 STRATEGIES TO CONSERVE LOCAL PIGS
            2.4.7 THREATS TO INDIGENOUS PIGS
            2.4.8 STAKEHOLDERS IN CONSERVATION OF PIG BREEDS
        2.5 METHODS OF PIG BREEDS CONSERVATION
        2.6 CRITERIA FOR CONSERVATION
            2.6.1 POLICY
            2.6.2 CONCLUSION
        2.7 JUSTIFICATION/NEED FOR CONSERVING MALAWI LOCAL PIG GENETIC RESOURCES
            2.7.1 GOVERNMENT POLICY ON PIG PRODUCTION
            2.7.2 GOVERNMENT EFFORTS TO PROMOTE PIG FARMING IN MALAWI
            2.7.3 CONSTRAINTS OF PIG PRODUCTION IN MALAWI
        2.8 IMPORTANCE OF LOCAL PIGS AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS
            2.8.1 CHEAP SOURCE OF PROTEIN(FOOD)IN ALMOST ALL PARTS OF MALAWI
            2.8.2 DISEASE AND PARASITE RESISTANCE
            2.8.3 RESEARCH PURPOSE
    Chapter 3 Production and Development In Vitro of Porcine Embryos derived from ICSI
        3.1 INTRODUCTION
        3.2 MATERIALS
            3.2.1 EQUIPMENT
            3.2.2 REAGENTS
        3.3 METHODS
            3.3.1 OOCYTE COLLECTION AND IN VITRO MATURATION
            3.3.2 IN VITRO FERLIZATION
            3.3.3 ICSI
            3.3.4 EMBRYO CULTURE
            3.3.5 ISOLATION AND IN VITRO CULTURE OF NUCLEAR DONOR CELLS
            3.3.6 ENUCLEATION OF RECIPIENT OOCYTES
            3.3.7 NUCLEI TRANSFER PROCEDURES
            3.3.8 REAL TIME-RT-PCR
        3.4 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
        3.5 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
        3.6 RESULTS
            3.6.1 Maturation in vitro of porcine oocytes
            3.6.2 Effect of 50 nM TSA on developmental competence of porcine ICSI embryos
            3.6.3 Detection of Aurora-A mRNA expression during the first mitosis in early stage pig embryos
        3.7 DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
References
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT



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