蘇丹的養(yǎng)蜂活動在社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境方面發(fā)揮著重要作用。（Blue Nile,White Nile,South Kordofan,West Kordofan,South Darfur,West Darfur,El-Gadarif and Sennar）它們以產(chǎn)蜜量高而聞名,而且由于養(yǎng)蜂活動在森林中廣泛開展,它們的森林覆蓋率很高。森林生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)評價的應(yīng)用為森林經(jīng)理、養(yǎng)蜂人和決策者提供了當(dāng)前的信息以及有助于對養(yǎng)蜂活動及其伴生樹種進(jìn)行有效管理的數(shù)據(jù)。本研究從養(yǎng)蜂的角度確定了養(yǎng)蜂活動中的大多數(shù)森林樹種,估計(jì)和評價了這些物種的經(jīng)濟(jì)價值。另外,凈現(xiàn)值（NPV）應(yīng)用于薪柴和蜂蜜的生產(chǎn)尼羅金合歡人工林此外,研究還強(qiáng)調(diào)了養(yǎng)蜂活動在森林管理應(yīng)用中的整合。本研究采用立意取樣法,確定本研究地區(qū)的目標(biāo)人群。在一年的生產(chǎn)季節(jié)（2016-2017年）,我們對選定的八個蘇丹州（n=105）的養(yǎng)蜂人進(jìn)行了一次訪談,使用結(jié)構(gòu)化問卷收集所需數(shù)據(jù)。。此外,還進(jìn)行了田間試驗(yàn)和實(shí)際試驗(yàn),估算了木柴產(chǎn)量和蜂蜜產(chǎn)量在El Ain森林保護(hù)區(qū),位于Shiekan地區(qū),Kordofan省,百分比被用來確定最重要的森林樹種的養(yǎng)蜂活動,并估計(jì)蜂蜜產(chǎn)... 

【文章來源】：東北林業(yè)大學(xué)黑龍江省 211工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁數(shù)】：164 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
Abstract
Abbreviations
Chapter 1 Introduction
    1.1 Background
    1.2 Sudanese Forest Resources
        1.2.1 Overview
        1.2.2 Beekeeping activity and forests
    1.3 Problem Statement and Justification
    1.4 Research Significance and Objectives
        1.4.1 Research Significance
        1.4.2 Research Objectives
    1.5 Research Hypotheses
    1.6 Thesis Organization
Chapter 2 Literature Review
    2.1 Honey
    2.2 Historical context of honey production in Sudan
        2.2.1 Traditional beekeeping
        2.2.2 Modem beekeeping
        2.2.3 Mixed beekeeping
    2.3 Honey production in Sudan
    2.4 Sources of honey production
        2.4.1 Monofloral honey
        2.4.2 Multifloral honey
    2.5 Ecosystem Services and Goods
        2.5.1 Ecosystem definition and Concept
        2.5.2 Ecosystem Services and Goods
        2.5.3 Valuation of ecosystem
    2.6 Methods of ecosystem valuation and quantification
        2.6.1 Direct market value methods
        2.6.2 Stated-preference methods
    2.7 Forest ecosystem
        2.7.1 Forest ecosystem definition
        2.7.2 Forest ecosystem services and goods
    2.8 The importance of the forest ecosystem services and goods
    2.9 Forest ecosystem management
    2.10 The economic importance of the forest ecosystem services and goods
        2.10.1 Evolution of economic outlook of ecosystem
        2.10.2 Forest ecosystem economic value
    2.11 Beekeeping and its relationship to the ecosystem
        2.11.1 Beekeeping as a part of forest ecosystem
        2.11.2 Beekeeping products and services economic value
    2.12 Chapter summary
Chapter 3 Material and Methods
    3.1 Study area
        3.1.1 Survey area and sampling techniques
        3.1.2 Location of field measurements and practical experiment
    3.2 Data collection and Statistical analysis
        3.2.1 Data collection of the field survey
        3.2.2 Construction of the questionnaire
        3.2.3 Selection of respondents
    3.3 Data collection of the field measurements and practical experiment
        3.3.1 Stocking and growth data collection
        3.3.2 Stand volume estimation
        3.3.3 Fuelwood production,marketing,and policy data
        3.3.4 Estimation of honey yield
    3.4 Economic assessment methods
        3.4.1 Estimation of financial return on investment （ROI） of honey yield production kg/tree species/hectare
        3.4.2 Estimation of financial viability of fuelwood and honey production
    3.5 Statistical analysis
    3.6 Chapter summary
Chapter 4 Results
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Honey production sources
    4.3 Bee hives number and its productivity
        4.3.1 Number of beehives per unit area
        4.3.2 Bee hives productivity
    4.4 The prices of honey
    4.5 Financial analysis of the honey production
        4.5.1 Economic evaluation of the honey yield from forest tree species
        4.5.2 Financial profitability of the honey yield and fuelwood of acacia nilotica
    4.6 Organization of the honey supply chain in Sudan
        4.6.1 Honey collectors
        4.6.2 Village and mobile traders
        4.6.3 Transporters
        4.6.4 Wholesalers
        4.6.5 Exporters and processing company
    4.7 The social characteristics of beekeepers
        4.7.1 Age group of the beekeeper
        4.7.2 Education level of the beekeepers
        4.7.3 Experience level and training of beekeepers
    4.8 Obstacles and constraints of the beekeeping especially in the forests
        4.8.1 Production inputs costs
        4.8.2 Bee's habitats and foraging area
        4.8.3 Lack of formal and community attention
    4.9 Statistical analyses
        4.9.1 Social characteristics of the beekeepers
        4.9.2 Relation type of beehive number and honey productivity
        4.9.3 Various forms of regression equations examined in the study
    4.10 Chapter summary
Chapter 5 Discussion
    5.1 Factors affecting the production of honey
        5.1.1 Forest tree species as honey production source
        5.1.2 Effect of beehives capacity per unit area
        5.1.3 Effect of the bee hives productivity
    5.2 The role of differences in honey prices per tree species
    5.3 The role of the beekeeper's social characteristics in beekeeping activity as general
    5.4 Associated obstacles and constraints of the forest beekeeping
    5.5 Financial viability of the honey and fuelwood production in the study area
    5.6 Supply chain and marketing organization of the honey in Sudan
    5.7 Impact of demographic characteristics of beekeepers on honey production process
    5.8 Honey production factors and their relations
    5.9 Chapter summary
Chapter 6 Conclusions and Recommendations
    6.1 Conclusions
        6.1.1 Forest Tree Species and Beekeeping in Sudan
        6.1.2 Economical value of forest tree species form apicultural point of view
    6.2 Novelty and limitations of the Study
        6.2.1 Novelty of the study:
        6.2.2 Limitations of the Study
    6.3 Recommendations and Future Outlooks
References
Appendices
Published and written papers during PhD study period
Academic activities & Training during study period
Acknowledgement
Resume



本文編號：3070488