【摘要】：在生產(chǎn)中使用的復合益生菌大多是外源性的活菌制劑,隨后的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)低聚糖能夠選擇性提高動物腸道內(nèi)固有益生菌群的增殖,與活菌制劑產(chǎn)生的益生效果相似。功能性低聚糖在動物胃腸道內(nèi)不能直接消化利用,但卻能被腸道的益生菌利用,同時具有抑制有害菌的生長,因而對動物胃腸道微生物區(qū)系、免疫功能等有重要影響。植物多糖飽含豐富的營養(yǎng)成分和活性物質(zhì),具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗氧化、提高動物機體免疫機能等功能,對機體健康大有裨益。近年來,中國畜牧業(yè)發(fā)展取得了舉世矚目的成就,但隨之而來的藥物殘留等問題也嚴重影響著畜產(chǎn)品的消費以及出口,研發(fā)混和益生菌添加劑成為近幾年畜禽業(yè)研究的方向之一。鑒于前人相關的研究,本課題通過低聚木糖和泰山松花粉多糖對植物乳桿菌體外增殖研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在植物乳桿菌菌液中添加20mg/mL的低聚木糖和50mg/m L的泰山松花粉多糖后菌落數(shù)顯著上升;添加20mg/m L低聚木糖和50mg/mL泰山松花粉多糖后在pH=5以上的培養(yǎng)基中植物乳桿菌生長良好,活菌數(shù)較其他添加量組高;植物乳桿菌在人工模擬胃液中培養(yǎng)1h活菌數(shù)基本不受影響,培養(yǎng)3h后活菌數(shù)大約降低10%;在人工模擬腸液中培養(yǎng)3h活菌數(shù)不變。結(jié)果表明,植物乳桿菌具備益生菌特性,在菌液中添加20mg/mL低聚木糖和50mg/mL泰山松花粉多糖后益生效果更佳明顯,可進一步研究其在動物營養(yǎng)和日糧中的應用效果。選取體重25g左右SPF昆明小鼠75只,隨機分為5組。Ⅰ組(低聚木糖+泰山松花粉多糖+植物乳桿菌)、Ⅱ組(低聚木糖+植物乳桿菌)、Ⅲ組(泰山松花粉多糖+植物乳桿菌)IV組(沙門氏菌+金黃色葡萄球菌)和Ⅴ組(去離子水)。每組小鼠每天分別灌胃1m L。試驗期為期28d,在第7、14、21和28d每組隨機選取3只小鼠進行空腹稱重,剖殺小鼠后采集盲腸并稱重,采集小腸組織分析其腸絨毛發(fā)育狀況。結(jié)果顯示Ⅰ組和Ⅱ組顯著高Ⅲ組、Ⅳ組與Ⅴ組(P㩳0.05),Ⅰ組和Ⅱ組之間差異不顯著(P㧐0.05),其中Ⅰ組小鼠的生長性能最好。在腸道形態(tài)學指標中,復合益生菌能顯著提高小鼠十二指腸的絨毛長度。選取體重約1.2kg家兔75只,隨機分為5組。I組(XOS+TPPPS+LP)、II組(XOS+LP)、III組(TPPPS+LP)、IV組(SA+SP)、Ⅴ組(PBS)。試驗為期35d,在第0、7、14、21、28和35d對每組每只家兔進行空腹稱重,計算每個階段的平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI),并計算飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率(F/G);在7、14、21、28和35d每組隨機選取3只家兔采血檢測血清中總蛋白和膽固醇含量,剖殺后采集家兔肝臟和脾臟測定免疫器官指數(shù),無菌采集盲腸內(nèi)容物檢測其乳酸桿菌和大腸桿菌的活菌數(shù),采集十二指腸組織觀察其形態(tài)并分析腸絨毛的發(fā)育狀況。結(jié)果顯示I組(XOS+TPPPS+LP)家兔的以上指標均有顯著提高,其中在整個試驗期Ⅰ組家兔的免疫器官指數(shù)和十二指腸形態(tài)學結(jié)果顯著高于其他組(P㩳0.05),在生化性能的測定中I組家兔的指標顯著高于對照組(P㩳0.05)。本研究表明,復合益生菌可以提高家兔的日增重和料肉比,提高機體的免疫力,有利于腸道益生菌的存活和繁殖,促進小腸絨毛的發(fā)育以及改善腸道內(nèi)環(huán)境的穩(wěn)態(tài)。
[Abstract]:The compound probiotics used in the production are mostly exogenous viable bacteria preparation, and the subsequent research finds that the oligosaccharide can selectively increase the proliferation of the intrinsic probiotics group in the intestinal tract of the animal, and is similar to the probiotic effect produced by the viable bacteria preparation. The functional oligosaccharide can not be directly digested and utilized in the gastrointestinal tract of the animal, but can be used by the probiotics of the intestinal tract, and has the effect of inhibiting the growth of the harmful bacteria, so that the functional oligosaccharide has an important influence on the microbial flora and the immune function of the gastrointestinal tract of the animal. The plant polysaccharide has rich nutrient components and active substances, and has the functions of resisting bacteria, resisting virus, resisting oxidation, improving the immune function of the animal body and the like, and is beneficial to the health of the body. In recent years, the development of China's animal husbandry has made remarkable achievements, but the problems of drug residue and other problems have also seriously affected the consumption of animal products and the export, research and development of mixed probiotics as one of the research directions of livestock and poultry industry in recent years. In the light of the previous studies, the study on the in vitro proliferation of L. plantarum by xylo-oligosaccharide and the polysaccharide of Taishan pine pollen showed that the number of colonies increased significantly after adding 20 mg/ mL of low polyxylose and 50 mg/ m L of Taishan Pollen in the bacterial liquid of L. plantarum. After the addition of 20 mg/ m L of xylo-oligosaccharide and 50 mg/ mL of Taishan Pollen, the growth of Lactobacillus plantarum in the medium with pH = 5 was good, the number of viable bacteria was higher than that of other groups, and the number of viable bacteria in the artificial simulated gastric juice was not affected, and the number of viable bacteria was reduced by about 10% after 3 h. And the number of viable bacteria in the artificial simulated intestinal fluid is unchanged. The results showed that Lactobacillus plantarum has the characteristics of probiotics, and the effect of addition of 20 mg/ mL of xylo-oligosaccharide and 50 mg/ mL of the polysaccharide of Taishan Pollen in the bacterial liquid is better, and the effect of its application in animal nutrition and daily food can be further studied. Seventy-five SPF Kunming mice with a weight of 25 g were randomly divided into 5 groups. Group I (xylo-oligosaccharide + Taishan pine pollen polysaccharide + Lactobacillus plantarum), Group II (xylo-oligosaccharide + Lactobacillus plantarum), Group 鈪，

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