干擾對(duì)黃土高原典型草原地上植被與繁殖更新的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-11 19:45
【摘要】：干擾是草地退化、沙化、鹽堿化的重要原因,也是草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)生物多樣性變化的主導(dǎo)因子。研究不同干擾措施對(duì)黃土高原典型草原地上植被與繁殖更新的影響,為退化黃土高原植被恢復(fù)和生物多樣性維持提供一定的理論依據(jù)。本文以黃土高原典型草原云霧山自然保護(hù)區(qū)為研究區(qū)域,采用資料收集、野外調(diào)查和室內(nèi)分析相結(jié)合的方法,分析比較了不同干擾措施對(duì)地上植被蓋度、密度、物種豐富度、多樣性、繁殖后代的豐富度,兩種繁殖方式的密度和五種無性繁殖類型密度的影響,試驗(yàn)結(jié)果如下:1封育和放牧顯著影響地上植被蓋度、密度、生物量、枯落物厚度和枯落物生物量。與放牧相比,長期封育顯著降低了地上植被的密度,而提高了植被蓋度、生物量、枯落物厚度和枯落物生物量。封育和放牧措施顯著影響物種豐富度、Margalef指數(shù)和Shannon-Wiener多樣性指數(shù),而對(duì)Simpson指數(shù)和Pielou指數(shù)無顯著影響。與放牧相比,長期封育顯著降低了地上植被的物種豐富度、Margalef指數(shù)和Shannon-Wiener多樣性指數(shù)。DCA分析結(jié)果表明封育和放牧明顯改變了植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)和物種組成。2火燒顯著降低了群落蓋度、枯落物厚度、枯落物生物量,但顯著提高了群落的密度。火燒對(duì)物種豐富度影響不顯著,卻顯著降低了4個(gè)物種多樣性指數(shù)Margalef指數(shù)、Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)、Simpson指數(shù)和Pielou指數(shù)。DCA分析結(jié)果表明火燒干擾明顯改變了植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)和物種組成。3黃土高原典型草原以多年生牧草占優(yōu)勢,植被更新主要以無性繁殖為主,以有性繁殖為輔。其中,多年生牧草主要依靠分蘗、根莖和分枝等方式來進(jìn)行無性繁殖。封育和放牧顯著影響草地繁殖更新的物種豐富度。與放牧地相比,封育23年草地更新苗的物種豐富度顯著下降。管理措施對(duì)草地的繁殖更新密度和無性繁殖密度均有顯著影響,而對(duì)有性繁殖密度無顯著影響。封育23年草地的無性繁殖密度顯著低于放牧地。放牧措施顯著降低根莖型、分蘗型和分枝型密度,而對(duì)根蘗型和匍匐型密度影響不顯著。封育和放牧措施對(duì)多年生草地的無性繁殖影響較大。封育和放牧措施對(duì)地上植被物種多樣性和密度的影響可通過植物繁殖更新進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。4火燒顯著提高了草地的繁殖更新密度和無性繁殖密度,而對(duì)有性繁殖密度和草地繁殖更新的物種豐富度影響不顯著�；馃@著提高根莖型和分蘗型密度,而對(duì)根蘗型、分枝型和匍匐型密度影響不顯著。在黃土高原典型草原,是以多年生克隆植物為主的草原生態(tài)系統(tǒng),地上植被的繁殖更新更依賴于無性繁殖。植物繁殖更新貢獻(xiàn)高低與火燒無關(guān),而與草地群落物種組成相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:Disturbance is not only an important cause of grassland degradation, desertification and salinization, but also the dominant factor of grassland ecosystem biodiversity change. The effects of different disturbance measures on vegetation and reproduction and regeneration in typical grassland of Loess Plateau were studied, which provided a theoretical basis for vegetation restoration and biodiversity maintenance in degraded Loess Plateau. Taking Yunwu Mountain Nature Reserve of typical grassland in the Loess Plateau as the research area, this paper analyzed and compared the coverage, density and species richness of above-ground vegetation with different disturbance measures, using the methods of data collection, field investigation and indoor analysis, and analyzed and compared the above-ground vegetation coverage, density and species richness of different disturbance measures. Diversity, richness of reproductive progeny, density of two reproductive modes and density of five asexual reproduction types were studied. The results were as follows: (1) closure and grazing significantly affected vegetation cover, density and biomass of the above-ground vegetation, and the density and biomass of the above-ground vegetation were significantly affected by herding and grazing. Litter thickness and litter biomass. Compared with grazing, long-term closure significantly decreased the density of above-ground vegetation, but increased vegetation coverage, biomass, litter thickness and litter biomass. Closure and grazing measures significantly affected species richness, Margalef index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index, but had no significant effect on Simpson index and Pielou index. Compared with grazing, long-term closure significantly reduced the species richness of vegetation on the ground. Margalef index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index showed that fencing and grazing significantly changed plant community structure and species composition. (2) Fire significantly reduced community coverage, litter thickness and litter biomass. However, the density of the community was significantly increased. Fire had no significant effect on species richness, but significantly decreased the Margalef index and Shannon-Wiener index of four species diversity indexes. Simpson index and Pielou index. DCA analysis showed that fire disturbance significantly changed the structure and species composition of plant community. 3 the typical grassland of the Loess Plateau was dominated by perennial herbage, vegetation regeneration was mainly asexual reproduction, supplemented by sexual reproduction. Among them, perennials mainly rely on tillers, roots and branches to carry out asexual reproduction. Closure and grazing significantly affected the species richness of grassland reproduction and regeneration. Compared with grazing land, the species richness of new grassland seedlings decreased significantly after 23 years of closure. The management measures had significant effects on the reproduction and regeneration density and asexual reproduction density of grassland, but had no significant effect on the sexual reproduction density. The density of asexual reproduction in closed grassland for 23 years was significantly lower than that in grazing land. Grazing measures significantly decreased the density of rhizome type, tiller type and branch type, but had no significant effect on the density of root tiller type and creeping type. Sealing and grazing measures have great influence on asexual reproduction of perennial grassland. The effects of closure and grazing measures on species diversity and density of above-ground vegetation can be regulated by plant reproduction and regeneration. (4) Fire significantly increased the reproduction and regeneration density and asexual reproduction density of grassland. However, there was no significant effect on sexual reproduction density and species richness of grassland reproduction and regeneration. Fire significantly increased the density of rhizome type and tiller type, but had no significant effect on the density of root tiller type, branch type and creeping type. In the typical grassland of the Loess Plateau, it is a grassland ecosystem dominated by perennially cloned plants, and the reproduction and renewal of vegetation on the ground depends on asexual reproduction. The contribution of plant reproduction and regeneration was not related to fire, but to the species composition of grassland community.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S812
本文編號(hào)：2474796
[Abstract]:Disturbance is not only an important cause of grassland degradation, desertification and salinization, but also the dominant factor of grassland ecosystem biodiversity change. The effects of different disturbance measures on vegetation and reproduction and regeneration in typical grassland of Loess Plateau were studied, which provided a theoretical basis for vegetation restoration and biodiversity maintenance in degraded Loess Plateau. Taking Yunwu Mountain Nature Reserve of typical grassland in the Loess Plateau as the research area, this paper analyzed and compared the coverage, density and species richness of above-ground vegetation with different disturbance measures, using the methods of data collection, field investigation and indoor analysis, and analyzed and compared the above-ground vegetation coverage, density and species richness of different disturbance measures. Diversity, richness of reproductive progeny, density of two reproductive modes and density of five asexual reproduction types were studied. The results were as follows: (1) closure and grazing significantly affected vegetation cover, density and biomass of the above-ground vegetation, and the density and biomass of the above-ground vegetation were significantly affected by herding and grazing. Litter thickness and litter biomass. Compared with grazing, long-term closure significantly decreased the density of above-ground vegetation, but increased vegetation coverage, biomass, litter thickness and litter biomass. Closure and grazing measures significantly affected species richness, Margalef index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index, but had no significant effect on Simpson index and Pielou index. Compared with grazing, long-term closure significantly reduced the species richness of vegetation on the ground. Margalef index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index showed that fencing and grazing significantly changed plant community structure and species composition. (2) Fire significantly reduced community coverage, litter thickness and litter biomass. However, the density of the community was significantly increased. Fire had no significant effect on species richness, but significantly decreased the Margalef index and Shannon-Wiener index of four species diversity indexes. Simpson index and Pielou index. DCA analysis showed that fire disturbance significantly changed the structure and species composition of plant community. 3 the typical grassland of the Loess Plateau was dominated by perennial herbage, vegetation regeneration was mainly asexual reproduction, supplemented by sexual reproduction. Among them, perennials mainly rely on tillers, roots and branches to carry out asexual reproduction. Closure and grazing significantly affected the species richness of grassland reproduction and regeneration. Compared with grazing land, the species richness of new grassland seedlings decreased significantly after 23 years of closure. The management measures had significant effects on the reproduction and regeneration density and asexual reproduction density of grassland, but had no significant effect on the sexual reproduction density. The density of asexual reproduction in closed grassland for 23 years was significantly lower than that in grazing land. Grazing measures significantly decreased the density of rhizome type, tiller type and branch type, but had no significant effect on the density of root tiller type and creeping type. Sealing and grazing measures have great influence on asexual reproduction of perennial grassland. The effects of closure and grazing measures on species diversity and density of above-ground vegetation can be regulated by plant reproduction and regeneration. (4) Fire significantly increased the reproduction and regeneration density and asexual reproduction density of grassland. However, there was no significant effect on sexual reproduction density and species richness of grassland reproduction and regeneration. Fire significantly increased the density of rhizome type and tiller type, but had no significant effect on the density of root tiller type, branch type and creeping type. In the typical grassland of the Loess Plateau, it is a grassland ecosystem dominated by perennially cloned plants, and the reproduction and renewal of vegetation on the ground depends on asexual reproduction. The contribution of plant reproduction and regeneration was not related to fire, but to the species composition of grassland community.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S812
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