【摘要】：高繁殖力豬新品系-HN是以二花臉豬和杜洛克為親本,利用現(xiàn)代遺傳育種理論,通過雜交合成、橫交固定和繼代選育培育而成的一個(gè)新品系豬。育成以來在甘肅省各地已廣泛推廣,得到了普遍認(rèn)可。為探索其生產(chǎn)性能及年生產(chǎn)力,本試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)高、中、低三個(gè)粗蛋白水平日糧,研究不同粗蛋白水平日糧對(duì)高繁殖力豬新品系-HN生長(zhǎng)性能的影響,并以大白豬為對(duì)照,測(cè)定其2.5~6.5月齡肥育性能及不同屠宰體重階段的胴體性能和肉質(zhì),分析其年生產(chǎn)力水平及經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。研究工作分兩部分內(nèi)容:試驗(yàn)一:試驗(yàn)采用單因子完全隨機(jī)試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),選取體重15 kg左右的新品系豬30頭(15閹15母),隨機(jī)分成3組,每組10頭。在15~30 kg(H:18.5%、M:18.0%、L:17.5%)、30~60 kg(H:17.5%、M:17.0%、L:16.5%)和60~90 kg(H:16.5%、M:16.0%、L:15.5%)階段分別設(shè)計(jì)高、中、低三個(gè)粗蛋白水平日糧,飼養(yǎng)至90 kg結(jié)束后,統(tǒng)計(jì)各階段各組平均日增重、平均日采食量與料重比,分析日糧粗蛋白水平對(duì)其生長(zhǎng)性能和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的影響。結(jié)果表明:隨著各生長(zhǎng)階段日糧粗蛋白水平降低,試驗(yàn)豬平均日采食量逐漸增加。在15~30和30~60 kg,均以中粗蛋白組日增重最大(390.63 g/d和699.16 g/d),料重比最低(2.43和2.81),育肥天數(shù)最少(41 d和44 d),但高、中、低三組平均日增重差異均不顯著(P0.05);在60~90 kg階段,中粗蛋白組和低粗蛋白組日增重未出現(xiàn)顯著性差異(P0.05),但都極顯著高于高粗蛋白組(P0.01)。按2016年11月甘肅省飼料和生豬價(jià)格,中粗蛋白組豬育肥全期頭均飼料成本為566.34元,分別比高粗蛋白組和低粗蛋白組低89.71元和37.22元;育肥豬頭均盈利為363.66元,分別比高粗蛋白組和低粗蛋白組多104.71元和42.22元;每頭母豬年純盈利為7188.90元,分別比高粗蛋白組和低粗蛋白組多2804.15元和1130.80元。試驗(yàn)二:試驗(yàn)以大白豬為對(duì)照,選擇2.5月齡的高繁殖力豬新品系-HN及大白豬仔豬各20頭(10閹10母),經(jīng)過1周預(yù)試期后進(jìn)入正試期。正試期按月稱重并每天記錄采食量,待6.5月齡肥育期結(jié)束后,分析兩組的肥育性能;當(dāng)試驗(yàn)組平均體重分別達(dá)60、70、80、90 kg,對(duì)照組活重達(dá)100 kg時(shí),各選擇3頭(公母比例一致)進(jìn)行屠宰測(cè)定,分析試驗(yàn)組不同體重階段的胴體性能、肉質(zhì)、年生產(chǎn)力和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益并與對(duì)照組對(duì)比。結(jié)果表明:高繁殖力豬新品系-HN全期平均日增重為614.00 g/d,極顯著低于大白豬(P0.01),全期料肉比為3.19,高于大白豬,3.5~4.5月齡生長(zhǎng)速度最快,日增重達(dá)774.19 g/d;各體重階段屠宰率均在68%左右,胴體瘦肉率在51~56%之間,90 kg屠宰時(shí)胴體重、眼肌面積最大,分別是61.48 kg和40.73 cm2,80 kg屠宰時(shí)后腿比例、凈肉率最大,分別是29.34%和73.12%,肉質(zhì)指標(biāo)都在正常范圍內(nèi);新品系-HN每頭母豬年提供育肥豬比大白豬多10.16頭,60、70、80、90 kg屠宰時(shí),母豬年生產(chǎn)力(產(chǎn)肉量)分別為1107.25 kg、1282.98 kg、1461.98 kg、1644.24 kg,年生產(chǎn)力(除60 kg)高于100kg屠宰的大白豬;根據(jù)2015年11月甘肅省生豬價(jià)格,各體重階段育肥豬出欄時(shí),母豬年純盈利分別為3681.34元、5415.34元、6335.50元、6497.25元,綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)效益高于100 kg出欄的大白豬。綜合分析,不同粗蛋白水平日糧對(duì)高繁殖力豬新品系-HN平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益有影響,在15~30 kg和30~60 kg階段,以中粗蛋白日糧生長(zhǎng)性能最佳,在60~90 kg以低粗蛋白日糧最佳;高繁殖力豬新品系-HN2.5~6.5月齡肥育性能好,不同屠宰體重對(duì)胴體性能、肉質(zhì)及年生產(chǎn)力有影響,其適宜的屠宰體重為80 kg。
[Abstract]:The new strain of high propagation pig-HN is a new strain of pig with two-flower-face pig and Duroc as its parent, using modern genetic breeding theory, cross-crossing, and subculturing. It has been widely promoted in various parts of Gansu since it has been bred, and has been widely accepted. In ord to explore its production performance and annual productivity, that experiment design high, medium and low levels of crude protein level, and study the effect of different crude protein level ration on the growth performance of the new strain-HN of high fecundity pig. The carcass performance and meat quality at 2.5 to 6.5 months of age and the carcass performance and meat quality in different slaughter weight stages were measured, and the annual productivity and economic benefit were analyzed. The research work is divided into two parts: test one: the test is designed with a single-factor complete random test, and a new strain of 30 (15-15 female) with a weight of about 15 kg is selected, and is randomly divided into three groups, each group of 10 heads. In the stage of 15-30kg (H: 18.5%, M: 18.0%, L: 17.5%),30-60 kg (H: 17.5%, M: 17.0%, L: 16.5%) and 60-90 kg (H: 16.5%, M: 16.0%, L: 15.5%), the high, medium and low levels of crude protein were designed to be fed to the end of 90 kg. The average daily gain, average daily feed intake and weight-to-weight ratio of each group were analyzed, and the effect of dietary crude protein level on its growth performance and economic benefit was analyzed. The results showed that the average daily feed intake of the test pigs was gradually increased with the decrease of the crude protein level in each growing stage. The weight gain (390.63 g/ d and 699.16 g/ d), the material weight ratio (2.43 and 2.81) and the number of fattening days were the least (41d and 44d) at 15-30 and 30-60 kg, but the average daily weight gain of the middle and low groups was not significant (P0.05); at the stage of 60-90 kg, There was no significant difference in the daily gain of the middle crude protein group and the low crude protein group (P0.05), but it was significantly higher than that of the high crude protein group (P0.01). According to the price of feed and live pigs in Gansu province in November,2016, the cost of the whole-period head of the pig in the middle and coarse protein group was 566.34 yuan, which was 89.71 yuan and 37.22 yuan lower than that of the high crude protein group and the low crude protein group, and the profit of the fattening pig head was 363.66 yuan, respectively, and the ratio of the high crude protein group and the low crude protein group was 104.71 yuan and 42.22 yuan, respectively; The annual pure profit of each sow was 7188.90 yuan, and it was more than 2804.15 yuan and 1130.80 yuan higher than that of the high crude protein group and the low crude protein group, respectively. Test 2: The test was used as a control, and the new strain-HN and 20 (10-10%) of the high-fecundity pigs of 2.5 months were selected, and the test period was entered after 1-week pre-trial period. The average body weight of the test group was 60,70,80,90 kg, and the weight of the control group was 100 kg. The carcass performance, meat quality, annual productivity and economic benefit in different body weight stages of the test group were analyzed and compared with the control group. The results showed that the average daily gain of the new strain-HN was 614.00 g/ d, which was significantly lower than that of the big white pig (P 0.01). The total meat ratio was 3.19, higher than that of the big white pig, the growth rate of 3.5-4.5 months was the fastest, the daily gain was 774.19 g/ day, and the slaughter rate in all the weight stages was about 68%. The carcass lean meat rate was between 51 and 56%, the carcass weight and the eye muscle area at 90 kg were 61.48 kg and 40.73 cm2, respectively. The proportion of the hind legs at the time of slaughter was 29.34% and 73.12%, respectively, and the meat quality index was within the normal range. The annual productivity of the sow was 1107.25kg, 1282.98kg, 1461.98kg, 1644.24kg, annual productivity (except 60kg) was higher than that of 100kg slaughter, according to the pig's price in Gansu Province in November,2015. The annual pure profit of the sow is 3681.34 Yuan, 5415.34 Yuan, 6335.50 Yuan and 6497.25 Yuan, respectively, and the comprehensive economic benefit is higher than 100 kg of the large white pig. The average daily gain, the average daily feed intake, the weight ratio and the economic benefit of the new strain-HN were affected by the comprehensive analysis, the average daily feed intake, the material weight ratio and the economic benefit, the growth performance of the medium-coarse protein was the best at the stage of 15-30 kg and 30-60 kg, and the ration of the low-crude protein was the best in the range of 60-90 kg. The new strain of high fecundity pigs-HN2.5-6.5 months has good breeding performance, and different slaughter weight has an effect on the carcass performance, meat quality and annual productivity, and the suitable slaughter weight is 80 kg.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S828

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