【摘要】：本論文以馬崗鵝為研究對(duì)象,研究光色、內(nèi)毒素和褪黑素對(duì)肉鵝生長(zhǎng)性能、免疫力、腸道微生物的影響,以期揭示光色和內(nèi)毒素對(duì)肉鵝機(jī)體性狀及腸道微生物的調(diào)控效應(yīng),并探討利用光色和褪黑素緩解內(nèi)毒素危害來(lái)改善肉鵝生長(zhǎng)的可行性,為養(yǎng)鵝生產(chǎn)提供參考和借鑒。實(shí)驗(yàn)一研究白光、紅光和藍(lán)光對(duì)肉鵝(0-63日齡)生長(zhǎng)性能、飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率、相關(guān)激素、抗氧化指標(biāo)及腸道微生物的影響。結(jié)果顯示,紅光能一定程度促進(jìn)生長(zhǎng)性能,對(duì)飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率則無(wú)影響,藍(lán)光抑制生長(zhǎng)性能和飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率。紅光和藍(lán)光均降低GH、IGF-1、T3、ADR和CAR水平;在d 35升高在d63降低MDA和GR水平。試驗(yàn)期環(huán)境中總菌數(shù)、黃色葡萄球菌和大腸桿菌濃度以紅光組最高,藍(lán)光照最低。腸道微生物中,4個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)菌門中白光組的厚壁菌門占比最高,變形菌門、擬桿菌門和放線菌門占比最低,藍(lán)光組則相反,紅光組居中。4種優(yōu)勢(shì)菌屬種中只有Terrisporobacter菌屬不受光照影響,與生長(zhǎng)階段相關(guān);Bacillus菌屬和Lactococcus菌屬受紅光影響,不同生長(zhǎng)階段不同;Turicibacter菌屬受白光影響,不同生長(zhǎng)期有所不同。結(jié)果證明,紅光可影響肉鵝相關(guān)激素、抗氧化指標(biāo),一定程度促進(jìn)生長(zhǎng)性能;藍(lán)光可抑制血液激素和抗氧化指標(biāo),抑制生長(zhǎng)性能和飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率。兩種光均對(duì)腸道微生物產(chǎn)生影響,以藍(lán)色光最為顯著。實(shí)驗(yàn)二研究了雛鵝期(16 d~22 d),外源性內(nèi)毒素和褪黑素對(duì)雛鵝生長(zhǎng)性能、飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率、激素、生化指標(biāo)、免疫學(xué)指標(biāo)、腸道微生物的影響。結(jié)果顯示,內(nèi)毒素會(huì)抑制生長(zhǎng)和飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率,導(dǎo)致T3、T4和皮質(zhì)醇上升,使腎上腺素下降;導(dǎo)致肝臟及脾臟腫大,胸腺和法氏囊萎縮,顯著降低總膽固醇、甘油三酯和堿性磷酸酶,升高谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶和谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶;顯著降低血清總蛋白、血清白蛋白和血清球蛋白及白蛋白/球蛋白。褪黑素對(duì)內(nèi)毒素毒性負(fù)作用有一定緩解作用,升高T4和堿性磷酸酶指標(biāo),降低腎上腺素濃度。褪黑素和內(nèi)毒素對(duì)腸道優(yōu)勢(shì)微生物菌群具有促進(jìn)或抑制作用,能影響腸道微生物區(qū)系多樣性。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the effects of light color, endotoxin and melatonin on growth performance, immunity and intestinal microbe of Magang goose were studied in order to reveal the regulation effect of light color and endotoxin on body character and intestinal microbe of goose, and the effects of light color, endotoxin and melatonin on growth performance, immunity and intestinal microbe of goose were studied. The feasibility of using light color and melatonin to alleviate endotoxin damage to improve the growth of geese was discussed in order to provide reference and reference for goose production. Experiment 1 was conducted to study the effects of white light, red light and blue light on growth performance, feed conversion rate, related hormones, antioxidant index and intestinal microbe of geese (0-63-day-old). The results showed that red light could promote growth performance to a certain extent, but had no effect on feed conversion rate. Blue light inhibited growth performance and feed conversion rate. Both red and blue light decreased the levels of GH,IGF-1,T3,ADR and CAR, and increased at d 35 and decreased the levels of MDA and GR at d 63. The concentration of staphylococcus xanthosus and Escherichia coli was the highest in red light group and the lowest in blue illumination. Among the four dominant bacteria, the percentage of thick-walled bacteria in white light group was the highest, that of deformable bacteria, mycorrhizal fungi and actinomycetes was the lowest, while that of blue-ray group was the opposite, while that of white-light group was the highest, while that of blue-ray group was the opposite. Among the 4 dominant species, only Terrisporobacter was not affected by light, which was related to the growth stage. Bacillus and Lactococcus were affected by red light, and Turicibacter was affected by white light at different growth stages. The results showed that red light could affect the related hormones and antioxidant indexes of geese and promote the growth performance to a certain extent, while blue light could inhibit the blood hormones and antioxidant indexes, inhibit the growth performance and feed conversion rate. The blue light had the most significant effect on the intestinal microbe. In experiment 2, the effects of exogenous endotoxin and melatonin on growth performance, feed conversion rate, hormone, biochemical index, immunological index and intestinal microbe of goose at 16 d / 22 d), were studied. The results showed that endotoxin inhibited the growth and feed conversion, led to the increase of T _ 3, T _ 4 and cortisol, and decreased the level of epinephrine. Liver and spleen enlargement, atrophy of thymus and bursa Fabricius, decrease of total cholesterol, triglyceride and alkaline phosphatase, elevated glutamic pyruvic transaminase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; Significantly decreased serum total protein, serum albumin, serum globulin and albumin / globulin. Melatonin could alleviate the toxicity of endotoxin, increase T 4 and alkaline phosphatase, and decrease the concentration of epinephrine. Melatonin and endotoxin can promote or inhibit the dominant microbial flora in intestinal tract, and can affect the diversity of intestinal microflora.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：仲愷農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S835

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