【摘要】：關(guān)于肥胖與腸道菌群的研究已經(jīng)廣泛開展于人類和大鼠模型,并獲得了較為明確的研究成果。但是在與人類生存和生活中關(guān)系極為密切的以肉雞為代表的禽類中還鮮有報道。況且,腹脂率嚴(yán)重影響到肉雞的生產(chǎn)性能、料肉比例和繁殖能力。因此,對腹脂率差異顯著的肉雞腸道菌群及其功能和代謝研究就顯得格外意義重大。本研究以采集自東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)的28份白羽雞糞便樣品為研究對象,應(yīng)用16S rRNA可變區(qū)高通量測序技術(shù)和基于所有細(xì)菌全基因組鳥槍法測序技術(shù),對菌群群落結(jié)構(gòu)及功能基因和代謝通路進(jìn)行了全面系統(tǒng)的研究。研究結(jié)果表明,肉雞腸道的核心菌屬共有9種分別為Bacteroides、Clostridium、Eubacterium、 Faecalibacterium、Hallella、Lactobacillus、Roseburia、Ruminococcus和Subdoligranulum。而這些核心菌屬主要參與了碳代謝、氨基酸的合成、嘌呤和嘧啶代謝、甲烷和硫化物的代謝、脂肪酸代謝、淀粉和糖類代謝以及丁酸鹽的代謝。高腹脂系肉雞和低腹脂系肉雞腸道菌群群落結(jié)構(gòu)差異顯著(P=0.032),且高腹脂系肉雞腸道菌群α多樣性低于低腹脂系肉雞,其中低腹脂系肉雞腸道中Ruminococcus、Subdoligranulum、Bacteroides、Hallella和Alistipes的含量要顯著高于高腹脂系肉雞(P0.05),而Enterococcus和Clostridium的含量低于高腹脂系肉雞。基于全基因組鳥槍法序列測定結(jié)果與16S rRNA測序結(jié)果呈現(xiàn)高度一致性。在種的水平上,低腹脂系肉雞腸道中Alistipes shahii、Bacteroides coprophilus、 Bacteroides salanitronis和Bacteroides cellulosilyticus等菌種含量顯著高于高腹脂系肉雞,而Clostridium spiroforme、Clostridium symbiosum、Clostridium lentocellum和Enterococcus faecalis等菌種含量顯著降低。在功能基因和代謝通路層面,低腹脂系肉雞腸道菌群功能基因主要參與膽汁分泌和脂肪酸合成代謝等,而高腹脂系肉雞腸道菌群功能基因主要參與精氨酸和脯氨酸代謝,色氨酸代謝,丙酮酸代謝,甲烷代謝和硫化物代謝等。通過對比不同肥胖模型的腸道菌群的異同發(fā)現(xiàn),不論在人類,小鼠和肉雞肥胖模型腸道內(nèi),均富含Clostridium而缺乏Bacteroides和Alistipes。本研究首次對以肉雞為代表的禽類模型腸道菌群結(jié)構(gòu)及功能進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的研究,該研究的開展將為加速優(yōu)良肉雞品種的選育,提高肉雞生產(chǎn)性能提供全新的視野。
[Abstract]:The research on obesity and intestinal flora has been widely carried out in human and rat models, and more clear research results have been obtained. However, there are few reports on broilers, which are closely related to human survival and life. Moreover, abdominal fat rate seriously affects the performance, feed ratio and reproductive capacity of broilers. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the intestinal flora, function and metabolism of broilers with significant differences in abdominal fat rate. In this study, 28 white feather chicken fecal samples collected from Northeast Agricultural University were collected. The 16s rRNA variable region high throughput sequencing technique and the whole bacterial genome-based bird gun sequencing technique were used in this study. The community structure, functional genes and metabolic pathways of the flora were studied systematically. The results showed that there were 9 species of core bacteria in broiler intestines, Bacteroides,Clostridium,Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium,Hallella,Lactobacillus,Roseburia,Ruminococcus and Subdoligranulum., respectively. These core bacteria are mainly involved in carbon metabolism, amino acid synthesis, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, methane and sulfide metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, starch and sugar metabolism and butyrate metabolism. The difference of intestinal microflora community structure between high and low fat broilers was significant (P < 0 032). Moreover, the diversity of intestinal flora 偽 of high abdominal fat broilers was lower than that of low abdominal fat broilers, and the Ruminococcus,Subdoligranulum,Bacteroides, in intestinal tract of low abdominal fat line broilers was significantly lower than that of low abdominal fat broilers (P < 0 032). The contents of Hallella and Alistipes were significantly higher than those of broilers with high abdominal fat (P0.05), while the contents of Enterococcus and Clostridium were lower than those of broilers with high abdominal fat. The sequencing results based on the whole genome shotgun method were highly consistent with the 16s rRNA sequencing results. At the seed level, the contents of Alistipes shahii,Bacteroides coprophilus, Bacteroides salanitronis and Bacteroides cellulosilyticus in the intestines of low-fat broilers were significantly higher than those of high-fat broilers, but the contents of Clostridium spiroforme,Clostridium symbiosum,Clostridium lentocellum and Enterococcus faecalis were significantly lower than those of high-fat broilers. At the level of functional genes and metabolic pathways, the functional genes of intestinal flora of low abdominal fat broilers were mainly involved in bile secretion and fatty acid synthesis, while the functional genes of intestinal flora of high abdominal fat broilers were mainly involved in the metabolism of arginine and proline. Tryptophan metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, methane metabolism and sulfide metabolism. By comparing the intestinal microflora of different obesity models, it was found that both human, mouse and broiler obesity models were rich in Clostridium but lacking in Bacteroides and Alistipes.. In this study, the structure and function of intestinal flora of poultry model represented by broilers were studied for the first time. The development of this study will provide a new field of vision for accelerating the breeding of excellent broiler breeds and improving the performance of broilers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S831

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