新疆草地土壤主要性質(zhì)及影響因素的分析
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-02 14:06
【摘要】：新疆草地面積約占我國草地面積的1/5,是新疆生態(tài)環(huán)境的重要組成部分,是本地區(qū)農(nóng)牧業(yè)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。草地土壤容重、土石比及土壤厚度是反映評價土壤質(zhì)量及資源物質(zhì)儲量的重要指標(biāo)。理解新疆草地土壤容重、土石比和厚度及其影響因素有助于我國西北干旱區(qū)草地資源持續(xù)發(fā)展管理和荒漠化防治,為新疆草地提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)支撐。本文通過577個土壤剖面容重、土石比以及土壤厚度等土壤性質(zhì)調(diào)查,按照草地類型、土壤類型以及全國水土保持區(qū)劃分析比較了土壤性質(zhì)的差異,探討了地形(海拔、坡度、坡向、平面曲率、剖面曲率)、干燥度、植被覆蓋率等因素對草地土壤容重、土石比、土壤厚度的影響。結(jié)果表明:(1)草地土壤的容重總體上隨著深度的增加有增大的趨勢。但不同草地類型的土壤容重垂直變化規(guī)律有差異,溫性草原化荒漠類、溫性草原類、溫性荒漠草原類和溫性荒漠類草地的土壤容重隨著深度的增加差異不明顯。草地土壤容重與氣候、植被與土壤特性的具有較好的相關(guān)性。新疆草地不同土壤類型的容重垂直變化差異較大,土壤類型的容重與氣候、植被有較好的相關(guān)性。(2)不同草地類型土壤土石比差異較大,其中草甸類土石比較小。地形因素對土壤土石比有一定的影響,但主要是受到氣候、植被和土壤性質(zhì)的影響。(3)新疆草地土壤厚度總體較薄,60.3%樣地的土壤厚度100 cm。在坡度15°或者海拔在1000-1500 m之間時,草地土壤的厚度通常較低。地形特征指標(biāo)與土壤厚度的相關(guān)性均不顯著。(4)不同草地類型和草地不同土壤類型的土壤厚度差異顯著,表明不同草地類型和土壤類型的土壤發(fā)育程度差異較大。不同草地類型的土壤厚度與植被覆蓋度、氣候有較好的相關(guān)性,不同土壤類型的土壤厚度與地形、氣候、植被覆蓋度和土壤性質(zhì)的相關(guān)性總體較差。
[Abstract]:The grassland area in Xinjiang accounts for about 1 / 5 of the grassland area in China. It is an important part of the ecological environment in Xinjiang and is the basis for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in this region. Soil bulk density, soil / rock ratio and soil thickness are important indexes for evaluating soil quality and resource material reserves. Understanding the soil bulk density, soil-rock ratio and thickness of grassland in Xinjiang and its influencing factors will contribute to the sustainable development and management of grassland resources and control of desertification in arid areas of northwest China, and provide basic data support for grassland in Xinjiang. Based on the investigation of soil properties such as bulk density, soil-rock ratio and soil thickness of 577 soil profiles, the differences of soil properties were analyzed and compared according to grassland type, soil type and national soil and water conservation regionalization, and the topography (elevation, slope) was discussed. The effects of slope direction, plane curvature, profile curvature, desiccation and vegetation coverage on soil bulk density, soil / rock ratio and soil thickness were studied. The results showed that: (1) as a whole, the bulk density of grassland soil increased with the increase of depth. However, the vertical variation of soil bulk density was different among different grassland types. There was no significant difference in soil bulk density with the increase of depth in warm grassland, warm steppe, warm desert steppe and warm desert grassland. There is a good correlation between grassland soil bulk density and climate, vegetation and soil characteristics. The vertical variation of bulk density of different soil types in Xinjiang varies greatly, and there is a good correlation between the bulk density of soil types and climate and vegetation. (2) the soil-rock ratio of different grassland types is different, among which the soil-rock ratio of meadow type is small. Topographical factors have a certain effect on soil-rock ratio, but it is mainly affected by climate, vegetation and soil properties. (3) the soil thickness of grassland in Xinjiang is relatively thin, and the soil thickness of 60.3% sample land is 100 cm.. When the slope is 15 擄or the altitude is between 1000 and 1500 m, the thickness of grassland soil is usually lower. The correlation between topographical characteristics and soil thickness was not significant. (4) the soil thickness of different grassland types and different soil types was significantly different, indicating that the soil development degree of different grassland types and soil types was quite different. There is a good correlation between soil thickness and vegetation coverage and climate in different grassland types. The correlation between soil thickness and topography, climate, vegetation coverage and soil properties is poor in general.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S812.2
[Abstract]:The grassland area in Xinjiang accounts for about 1 / 5 of the grassland area in China. It is an important part of the ecological environment in Xinjiang and is the basis for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in this region. Soil bulk density, soil / rock ratio and soil thickness are important indexes for evaluating soil quality and resource material reserves. Understanding the soil bulk density, soil-rock ratio and thickness of grassland in Xinjiang and its influencing factors will contribute to the sustainable development and management of grassland resources and control of desertification in arid areas of northwest China, and provide basic data support for grassland in Xinjiang. Based on the investigation of soil properties such as bulk density, soil-rock ratio and soil thickness of 577 soil profiles, the differences of soil properties were analyzed and compared according to grassland type, soil type and national soil and water conservation regionalization, and the topography (elevation, slope) was discussed. The effects of slope direction, plane curvature, profile curvature, desiccation and vegetation coverage on soil bulk density, soil / rock ratio and soil thickness were studied. The results showed that: (1) as a whole, the bulk density of grassland soil increased with the increase of depth. However, the vertical variation of soil bulk density was different among different grassland types. There was no significant difference in soil bulk density with the increase of depth in warm grassland, warm steppe, warm desert steppe and warm desert grassland. There is a good correlation between grassland soil bulk density and climate, vegetation and soil characteristics. The vertical variation of bulk density of different soil types in Xinjiang varies greatly, and there is a good correlation between the bulk density of soil types and climate and vegetation. (2) the soil-rock ratio of different grassland types is different, among which the soil-rock ratio of meadow type is small. Topographical factors have a certain effect on soil-rock ratio, but it is mainly affected by climate, vegetation and soil properties. (3) the soil thickness of grassland in Xinjiang is relatively thin, and the soil thickness of 60.3% sample land is 100 cm.. When the slope is 15 擄or the altitude is between 1000 and 1500 m, the thickness of grassland soil is usually lower. The correlation between topographical characteristics and soil thickness was not significant. (4) the soil thickness of different grassland types and different soil types was significantly different, indicating that the soil development degree of different grassland types and soil types was quite different. There is a good correlation between soil thickness and vegetation coverage and climate in different grassland types. The correlation between soil thickness and topography, climate, vegetation coverage and soil properties is poor in general.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S812.2
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