【摘要】：西北地區(qū)干旱少雨、水土流失嚴重、生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱,退耕還林還草工程是西北地區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè)的重大舉措,也是全國生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè)的一項宏偉生態(tài)工程。通過對退耕還林還草工程實施現(xiàn)狀、生態(tài)效應(yīng)及存在問題的整合分析,探討了西北地區(qū)新一輪退耕還林還草工程的實施規(guī)模。結(jié)果表明:(1)西北地區(qū)1999—2011年退耕還林還草面積累積751.99萬hm~2,占全國同期退耕還林還草面積的36.14%;陜西、甘肅、青海、寧夏、新疆、山西和內(nèi)蒙中西部地區(qū)退耕還林還草的實施面積分別占西北地區(qū)同期退耕還林還草面積的27.89%,21.29%,4.62%,9.80%,10.80%,13.57%和12.03%。(2)自退耕還林工程實施以來,2002—2012年西北地區(qū)農(nóng)民純收入逐年增加,且各省(區(qū))增加趨勢一致。(3)西北地區(qū)植被覆蓋在提高,植被NDVI整體呈上升趨勢,但存在明顯的空間差異,空間分布是從東南向西北逐漸遞減,而陜北地區(qū)是黃土高原近10年植被恢復(fù)最快的區(qū)域。(4)2003—2014年黃河流域徑流量和侵蝕量均低于1950—1995多年平均值,且年際間波動較大。(5)25°以上的坡耕地可退耕180.1萬hm~2,占現(xiàn)有耕地的6.0%,15°~25°的坡耕地退耕面積可達296.5萬hm2,占現(xiàn)有耕地面積的9.9%,并厘清了各省(區(qū))的退耕規(guī)模,最后針對新一輪退耕政策的順利實施,提出了4點建議。
[Abstract]:Drought and less rain, serious soil and water loss, fragile ecological environment in Northwest China, the project of returning farmland to forest and grassland is an important measure of ecological environment construction in Northwest China, and it is also a grand ecological project of ecological environment construction in the whole country. Based on the analysis of the implementation status, ecological effects and existing problems of the project, this paper discusses the scale of implementation of the new round of the project of returning farmland to forest and grassland in the northwest of China. The results showed that: (1) in 1999 / 2011, the accumulated area of returning farmland to forest and grassland in Northwest China accounted for 36.14% of the total area of returning farmland to forest and grassland in the same period of China; Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Shanxi and the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia accounted for 27.89%, 21.29%, 4.62%, 9.80% of the total area of returning farmland to forest and grassland in the same period in northwest China, 10.80 percent, 13.57 percent and 12.03 percent. (2) since the implementation of the project, the net income of farmers in the Northwest region has increased year by year from 2002 to 2012, and the trend of increase in the provinces (regions) is the same. (3) vegetation cover in the Northwest region is increasing. The total vegetation NDVI showed an upward trend, but there were obvious spatial differences, and the spatial distribution decreased gradually from southeast to northwest. (4) the runoff and erosion of the Yellow River Basin in 2003-2014 are lower than the 1950-1995 average, and the vegetation restoration is the fastest in the Loess Plateau in the last 10 years. (4) in 2003-2014, the runoff and erosion in the Yellow River Basin were lower than the 1950-1995 average. (5) the slope farmland above 25 擄can be converted to 1.801 million hm~2, accounting for 6.0% of the existing arable land, and the slope cultivated land with 15 擄~ 25 擄can account for 9.9% of the existing arable land area up to 2.965 million hm2,. Finally, four suggestions were put forward for the smooth implementation of the new round policy.
【作者單位】： 中國科學(xué)院水利部水土保持研究所;中國科學(xué)院大學(xué);西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)水土保持研究所;
【基金】：國家科技支撐計劃項目(2015BAD22B01,2015BAC01B03) 中國工程院重大咨詢研究課題(2016-ZD-09-05) 西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)西部發(fā)展研究院項目(2015XBYD004)
【分類號】：S721;S812

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