【摘要】：為研究秦川牛肉用新品系(以下簡稱“秦川肉�！�)日糧中添加尿素(非蛋白氮)對瘤胃發(fā)酵性能及血液生化指標的影響,選用3頭裝有瘤胃瘺管的成年秦川肉牛公牛,在日糧基本一致的條件下預(yù)飼25 d,試驗共分5個處理階段,每個處理階段30 d,其中試驗處理25 d,中間間隔5d作為緩沖期;5個試驗處理階段試驗牛日糧添加尿素的比例分別為0%(干物質(zhì)百分比,對照組)、0.5%(A組)、1.0%(B組)、1.5%(C組)和2.0%(D組),每個試驗處理階段每5 d采集一次瘤胃液,每個試驗處理階段最后1 d采集血樣,對瘤胃液pH值、氨態(tài)氮(NH3-N)、微生物蛋白(MCP)、揮發(fā)性脂肪酸(VFA)、纖維素水解酶活性等5項瘤胃發(fā)酵參數(shù),以及血清總蛋白(TP)、尿素氮(BUN)、谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(ALT)、谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(AST)等4項血液生化指標進行了測定分析。主要研究結(jié)果如下:一、不同尿素添加水平對秦川肉牛瘤胃發(fā)酵性能的影響:隨著尿素添加水平的提高,試驗牛瘤胃液pH值呈現(xiàn)先下降后上升趨勢,各處理組間差異顯著(P0.05),其中B組(1.0%)pH值最低,為6.363±0.017;4個處理組的氨態(tài)氮(NH3-N)含量均顯著高于對照組(P0.05),其中D組(2.0%)最高,為16.91±0.77 mg/dL;微生物蛋白(MCP)含量除D組(2.0%)與對照組差異不顯著(P0.05)外,其余3個處理組均高于對照組,其中B組(1.0%)最高,為1.712±0.024 mg/mL,且與其它處理組差異顯著(P0.05);除D組(2.0%)外,其他處理組總揮發(fā)性脂肪酸(VFA)含量均顯著高于對照組(P0.05),B組(1.0%)最高,為149.59±3.79 mmol/L,且與其它處理組差異顯著(P0.05);A組(0.5%)和B組(1.0%)揮發(fā)性脂肪酸(VFA)的幾項指標與對照組均差異顯著(P0.05),且這兩處理組之間,除總揮發(fā)性脂肪酸(TVFA)差異顯著外(P0.05),其余4項揮發(fā)性脂肪酸指標均差異不顯著(P0.05);3種纖維素酶活性變化趨勢基本一致,A組(0.5%)和B組(1.0%)3種纖維素酶活性均顯著高于對照組與其他處理組(P0.05);各處理階段的第5、10、15、20、25d瘤胃液各項發(fā)酵參數(shù)均差異不顯著(P0.05)。二、不同尿素添加水平對秦川肉牛血液生化指標的影響:隨著尿素添加水平的提高,試驗牛血液生化指標(血清總蛋白(TP)、尿素氮(BUN)、谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(ALP)和谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(AST))等4項指標均在正常值范圍內(nèi)波動;其中,試驗各處理組谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(ALP)水平差異不顯著(P0.05);試驗各處理組尿素氮(BUN)指標均高于對照組,其中,D組最高,且與對照組以及其他處理組差異顯著(P0.05)。綜上,日糧中添加尿素可以有效提高秦川肉牛瘤胃氨態(tài)氮(NH3-N)、微生物蛋白(MCP)、乙酸(C2)、丙酸(C3)以及纖維素水解酶活性等,且試驗牛血液生化指標(血清總蛋白(TP)、尿素氮(BUN)、谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(ALP)和谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(AST))均在正常值范圍內(nèi)波動。因此,本研究認為,在一般飼養(yǎng)條件下,日糧中尿素添加量2%(干物質(zhì)百分比)是安全的,其中1%的添加量為最適安全添加量。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effects of urea (non-protein nitrogen) supplementation on rumen fermentation performance and blood biochemical indexes in a new line of Qinchuan beef ("Qinchuan Beef cattle"), three adult Qinchuan beef bulls with rumen fistula were selected. Under the condition of the same diet for 25 days, the experiment was divided into five treatment stages, each treatment stage was 30 days, of which the experimental treatment was 25 days, the intermediate interval was 5 days as the buffer period; The proportion of urea supplementation in diets of five trial stages was 0% (percentage of dry matter, control group), 0.5% (group A), 1.0% (group B), 1.5% (group C) and 2.0% (group D). Rumen fluid was collected every 5 days in each trial stage, and blood samples were collected on the last day of each trial stage. The pH value of rumen fluid, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and volatile fatty acid (VFA), of microbial protein (MCP), were measured. Five parameters of rumen fermentation such as cellulose hydrolase activity and four blood biochemical indexes such as serum total protein (TP), urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alanine aminotransferase (AST) were determined and analyzed. The main results are as follows: first, the effect of different urea levels on rumen fermentation performance of Qinchuan beef cattle: with the increase of urea level, the pH value of rumen fluid decreased first and then increased. There was significant difference among the treatment groups (P0.05), and the pH value of group B (1.0%) was the lowest (6.363 鹵0.017). The content of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) in the four treatment groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (P0.05). Group D (2.0%) was the highest (16.91 鹵0.77 mg/dL;). The (MCP) content of microbial protein in group D (2.0%) was higher than that in control group (P 0.05), except that in group D (2.0%), the content of (MCP) in group B (1.0%) was the highest (1.712 鹵0.024 mg/mL,). There was significant difference between the two groups (P0.05). Except group D (2.0%), the (VFA) content of total volatile fatty acids in treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group (P0.05), B (1.0%), 149.59 鹵3.79 mmol/L,). There was significant difference between the two groups (P0.05). The indexes of volatile fatty acid (VFA) in group A (0.5%) and group B (1.0%) were significantly different from those in control group (P0.05). The other four indexes of volatile fatty acids were not significantly different (P0.05). The changes of the three cellulase activities were basically the same. The cellulase activities of group A (0.5%) and group B (1.0%) were significantly higher than those of the control group and other treatment groups (P0.05). There was no significant difference in fermentation parameters of rumen fluid in each treatment stage (P0.05). Second, the effect of different urea supplementation levels on the blood biochemical indexes of Qinchuan beef cattle: with the increase of urea addition level, the blood biochemical indexes (serum total protein (TP), urea nitrogen (BUN),) were tested. The four indexes of glutamate-pyruvic transaminase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (AST) fluctuated in the normal range. Among them, there was no significant difference in the level of glutamate-pyruvic transaminase (ALP) in each treatment group (P0.05). The (BUN) index of urea nitrogen in each treatment group was higher than that in the control group, among which, group D was the highest, and the difference was significant compared with the control group and other treatment groups (P0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of urea in diet can effectively increase the activities of rumen ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), microbial protein (MCP), acetic acid (C2), propionic acid (C3) and cellulose hydrolase in Qinchuan beef cattle. The biochemical indexes (serum total protein (TP), urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine aminotransferase (ALP) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) (AST) all fluctuated in the normal range. Therefore, under the general feeding conditions, it is safe to add 2% urea (dry matter percentage) to the diet, and 1% of the supplementation amount is the most suitable safe addition amount.
【學位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S823.5

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