吉林省部分豬場霉菌毒素的危害及防治調查
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-12 13:10
【摘要】：霉菌毒素(Mycotoxins)是霉菌的二級代謝產物,多數(shù)是由曲霉菌屬(aspergillus)、青霉菌屬(penicillium)和鐮刀菌屬(fusarium)的霉菌代謝所產生。霉菌毒素產生于谷物和飼草收獲的前后。由于霉菌毒素間的毒性效果和協(xié)同作用,其對人類和動物是有非常有害的。在動物中,霉菌毒素的毒性會導致動物的采食量下降,生長、生產受阻。更嚴重的是,霉菌毒素在畜產品(肉、奶、下水)中的殘留還會對作為其食用者的人類的身體健康產生很嚴重的負面影響。國際相關組織對飼料及乳制品中霉菌毒素的可允許最大檢出量作出了標準。霉菌毒素的危害作用可以通過對植物相關產品中霉菌污染程度級別進行檢測、對糧食等的收獲和存貯方法優(yōu)化、對作物的栽培方法進行改進、對已污染的飼料及原料稀釋、使用霉菌毒素吸附劑及脫霉劑等措施得到控制或者減輕。作者經(jīng)歷某一豬場實際發(fā)生的霉菌毒素中毒,親身感受到其危害作用的嚴重性,以此展開討論霉菌毒素的基本情況、目前研究的進展、對畜牧業(yè)尤其是養(yǎng)豬業(yè)的危害。同時在養(yǎng)殖場做兩組試驗,證明霉菌毒素導致豬的采食量降低、生長速度減緩、飼料效率降低,證明積極主動的采取挽救措施可以降低霉菌毒素對養(yǎng)豬業(yè)的負面影響。通過試驗,提高養(yǎng)豬從業(yè)者對霉菌毒素危害的認識,鼓勵從業(yè)者積極主動的對霉菌毒素采取防控措施。以上試驗表明,飼喂霉變玉米的生長育肥豬(20-40KG)同飼喂正常飼料的對照組比較,30天內采食量低6.73KG,少增重6.86KG,飼料效率低0.51。飼喂霉變玉米的生長育肥豬(20-40KG)比飼喂正常飼料的在30天內采食量少10.18kg,生長速度少增重8.15kg,飼料效率低0.51。在霉變的飼料中添加脫霉劑,同不添加脫霉劑的飼料相比,采食量高出4.71kg,多增重5.02kg,飼料效率高出0.45。添加脫霉劑的霉變飼料同添加脫霉劑的正常飼料相比,在30天內采食量少4.3kg,少增重3.14kg,飼料效率低出0.11。證明了霉菌毒素導致豬的采食量降低、生長速度減緩、飼料效率降低,證明積極主動的采取挽救措施可以降低霉菌毒素對養(yǎng)豬業(yè)的負面影響。
[Abstract]:Mycotoxin (Mycotoxins) is a secondary metabolite of fungi, most of which are produced by the metabolism of (aspergillus), Penicillium (penicillium) and Fusarium (fusarium). Mycotoxins are produced before and after grain and forage harvesting. Mycotoxins are harmful to humans and animals because of their toxic and synergistic effects. In animals, the toxicity of mycotoxins can lead to a decrease in animal intake, growth and production hindrance. More seriously, the residue of mycotoxins in animal products (meat, milk, water) can also have a serious negative impact on the health of humans as their eaters. International organizations have established standards for maximum allowable detection of mycotoxins in feed and dairy products. The harmful effects of mycotoxins can be determined by detecting the degree of mold contamination in plant related products, optimizing the harvest and storage methods of grain, improving the cultivation methods of crops, and diluting contaminated fodder and raw materials. The use of mycotoxin adsorbents and demoulding agents is controlled or mitigated. The author experienced the mycotoxin poisoning in a pig farm and felt the seriousness of its harmful effect, and discussed the basic situation of mycotoxin. The current research progress, especially the harm to the animal husbandry, especially to the pig industry. At the same time, two groups of experiments were carried out in the farm, which proved that mycotoxin could reduce the feed intake, slow down the growth rate and decrease the feed efficiency of pigs. It was proved that taking active measures to save mycotoxins could reduce the negative effects of mycotoxins on pig industry. In order to improve the awareness of mycotoxins in pig farmers and encourage them to take active measures to prevent and control mycotoxins. The results showed that the feed intake, weight gain and feed efficiency of the growth and fattening pigs (20-40KG) fed mildew corn were 6.73 kg / g and 6.86 kg / g, respectively, and the feed efficiency was 0.51% lower than that of the control group. The growth and fattening pigs (20-40KG) fed mildew corn had less feed intake (10.18kg), less growth rate (8.15kg) and less feed efficiency (0.51kg) than those fed normal diet in 30 days. The feed intake, weight gain and feed efficiency were 4.71 kg, 5.02 kg and 0.45 kg, respectively. The mildew feed added with demoulding agent was 4.3kg less than that of the normal diet added demold agent, and the feed efficiency was 0.11kg lower than that of the normal diet with less weight gain and feed intake within 30 days. It is proved that mycotoxins can reduce the feed intake, slow down the growth rate and decrease the feed efficiency of pigs. It is proved that taking active measures to save mycotoxins can reduce the negative effects of mycotoxins on pig industry.
【學位授予單位】：吉林農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S858.28
本文編號：2407815
[Abstract]:Mycotoxin (Mycotoxins) is a secondary metabolite of fungi, most of which are produced by the metabolism of (aspergillus), Penicillium (penicillium) and Fusarium (fusarium). Mycotoxins are produced before and after grain and forage harvesting. Mycotoxins are harmful to humans and animals because of their toxic and synergistic effects. In animals, the toxicity of mycotoxins can lead to a decrease in animal intake, growth and production hindrance. More seriously, the residue of mycotoxins in animal products (meat, milk, water) can also have a serious negative impact on the health of humans as their eaters. International organizations have established standards for maximum allowable detection of mycotoxins in feed and dairy products. The harmful effects of mycotoxins can be determined by detecting the degree of mold contamination in plant related products, optimizing the harvest and storage methods of grain, improving the cultivation methods of crops, and diluting contaminated fodder and raw materials. The use of mycotoxin adsorbents and demoulding agents is controlled or mitigated. The author experienced the mycotoxin poisoning in a pig farm and felt the seriousness of its harmful effect, and discussed the basic situation of mycotoxin. The current research progress, especially the harm to the animal husbandry, especially to the pig industry. At the same time, two groups of experiments were carried out in the farm, which proved that mycotoxin could reduce the feed intake, slow down the growth rate and decrease the feed efficiency of pigs. It was proved that taking active measures to save mycotoxins could reduce the negative effects of mycotoxins on pig industry. In order to improve the awareness of mycotoxins in pig farmers and encourage them to take active measures to prevent and control mycotoxins. The results showed that the feed intake, weight gain and feed efficiency of the growth and fattening pigs (20-40KG) fed mildew corn were 6.73 kg / g and 6.86 kg / g, respectively, and the feed efficiency was 0.51% lower than that of the control group. The growth and fattening pigs (20-40KG) fed mildew corn had less feed intake (10.18kg), less growth rate (8.15kg) and less feed efficiency (0.51kg) than those fed normal diet in 30 days. The feed intake, weight gain and feed efficiency were 4.71 kg, 5.02 kg and 0.45 kg, respectively. The mildew feed added with demoulding agent was 4.3kg less than that of the normal diet added demold agent, and the feed efficiency was 0.11kg lower than that of the normal diet with less weight gain and feed intake within 30 days. It is proved that mycotoxins can reduce the feed intake, slow down the growth rate and decrease the feed efficiency of pigs. It is proved that taking active measures to save mycotoxins can reduce the negative effects of mycotoxins on pig industry.
【學位授予單位】：吉林農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S858.28
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，本文編號：2407815
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