【摘要】：兔球蟲(chóng)病(Rabbit coccidiosis)是養(yǎng)兔業(yè)生產(chǎn)中長(zhǎng)期存在且危害最為嚴(yán)重的疾病之一,防治比較困難。不僅影響兔的生產(chǎn)性能和成活率,還影響其科研價(jià)值。而目前還無(wú)商品化疫苗可上市使用,故防治兔球蟲(chóng)病的主要手段仍然是依靠在飼料或飲水中添加抗球蟲(chóng)藥物。但是由于各地區(qū)各養(yǎng)殖戶使用的抗球蟲(chóng)藥物種類(lèi)繁多且致病蟲(chóng)株復(fù)雜多變,加上長(zhǎng)期不合理地使用,導(dǎo)致球蟲(chóng)耐藥性問(wèn)題日益嚴(yán)重,藥物的實(shí)際應(yīng)用效果因此也存在差異。即使使用某些抗球蟲(chóng)藥,仍會(huì)面臨球蟲(chóng)病的暴發(fā),因此每年給養(yǎng)兔業(yè)帶來(lái)巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。為掌握溫縣地區(qū)兔球蟲(chóng)病的流行情況,給養(yǎng)兔生產(chǎn)中防治球蟲(chóng)病提供重要參考和依據(jù),本研究利用飽和食鹽水浮集法對(duì)溫縣地區(qū)9個(gè)兔場(chǎng)各年齡段兔只共428份糞樣中球蟲(chóng)卵囊的排出情況進(jìn)行檢查。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),樣品總感染率為78.0%,各年齡段均受到不同程度的球蟲(chóng)感染。以1~3月齡幼兔感染率最高,可達(dá)84.3%,且感染強(qiáng)度最大,平均OPG值為7.6×104。共鑒定出11種艾美耳球蟲(chóng),糞樣呈混合感染,多感染5-7種球蟲(chóng),其中大型艾美耳球蟲(chóng)、無(wú)殘艾美耳球蟲(chóng)、穿孔艾美耳球蟲(chóng)、斯氏艾美耳球蟲(chóng)和腸艾美耳球蟲(chóng)為普遍流行的優(yōu)勢(shì)蟲(chóng)種。為比較和評(píng)價(jià)幾種常用抗球蟲(chóng)藥物對(duì)溫縣地區(qū)兔球蟲(chóng)病的防治效果,以便從中篩選出最佳藥物,為其防治提供一些參考和依據(jù)。本項(xiàng)目對(duì)溫縣地區(qū)部分兔場(chǎng)自然感染球蟲(chóng)的兔進(jìn)行藥物防治試驗(yàn),根據(jù)存活率、卵囊排出情況和卵囊轉(zhuǎn)陰率、增重和飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率等判定藥物療效。結(jié)果表明,癸氧喹酯、妥曲珠利和地克珠利呈現(xiàn)不同程度的抗球蟲(chóng)感染能力,其中癸氧喹酯抗兔球蟲(chóng)效果較為顯著,可作為防治球蟲(chóng)病的首選藥物,妥曲珠利次之,地克珠利因球蟲(chóng)耐藥性問(wèn)題效果不理想,可作為穿梭交叉用藥,或與其他藥物配合使用。
[Abstract]:Rabbit coccidiosis (Rabbit coccidiosis) is one of the most serious diseases in rabbit production for a long time, which is difficult to prevent and cure. It not only affects the production performance and survival rate of rabbits, but also affects its scientific research value. At present, there is no commercial vaccine to be used on the market, so the main way to control rabbit coccidiosis is to add anti-coccidiosis drugs in feed or drinking water. However, because of the variety of anti-coccidiosis drugs used by farmers in various regions and the complex and changeable pathogenic insect strains, and the long-term irrational use, the problem of drug resistance of coccidia becomes more and more serious, and the actual application effect of the drugs is different. Even if some anti-coccidiosis drugs are used, there will still be an outbreak of coccidiosis, which brings huge economic losses to rabbit industry every year. In order to understand the prevalence of rabbit coccidiosis in Wenxian area and provide important reference and basis for the control of coccidiosis in the production of rabbits, In this study, the excretion of coccidia oocysts from 428 fecal samples from 9 rabbit farms in Wenxian County was examined by saturated salt floatation method. The results showed that the total infection rate of the samples was 78.0%, and all the age groups were infected by coccidia of different degrees. The infection rate was the highest (84.3) and the infection intensity was the highest (average OPG 7.6 脳 10 ~ 4) in 1 ~ 3 months old young rabbits. A total of 11 species of Eimeria were identified, with mixed infection in feces and 5 to 7 species of coccidiosis, including large Eimeria, no residual Eimeria, and Eimeria perforatum. Eimeria spp. And Eimeria enteri are the dominant species. In order to compare and evaluate the control effect of several commonly used anti-coccidiosis drugs on rabbit coccidiosis in Wenxian area in order to screen out the best drug and provide some reference and basis for its prevention and control. The experiment was carried out on rabbits infected naturally with coccidiosis in some rabbit farms in Wenxian County. According to the survival rate, oocyst excretion, egg sac negative rate, weight gain and feed conversion rate, the therapeutic effect was evaluated. The results showed that decoxiquine, totrezolide and dichulil showed different degrees of anti-coccidiosis ability, among which decoxiquine had a significant effect on coccidiosis in rabbits, and could be used as the first drug to control coccidiosis, followed by totrel. Because of the poor drug resistance of coccidiosis, Dectrulide can be used as shuttle cross-drug or in combination with other drugs.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S858.291

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本文編號(hào)：2372045