山東省四個地方雞種產(chǎn)肉性能和肉品質(zhì)的比較研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-05 15:42
【摘要】：為了解汶上蘆花雞、萊蕪黑雞、濟(jì)寧百日雞和魯西斗雞的產(chǎn)肉性能和肉品質(zhì)特點,本研究隨機(jī)選取了170日齡和280日齡的相同營養(yǎng)和管理條件下的的4個品種的雞各20只(公母各半),測定其產(chǎn)肉性能和肉品質(zhì),測定項目包括產(chǎn)肉性能、常規(guī)理化指標(biāo)、常規(guī)營養(yǎng)成分、氨基酸以及肌苷酸等。結(jié)果顯示:1.170日齡和280日齡魯西斗雞在體斜長、胸寬、胸深、龍骨長、脛長等指標(biāo)上顯著高于萊蕪黑雞、汶上蘆花雞和濟(jì)寧百日雞,顯示其具有體型高大威猛的特點,與其善于打斗的特性相適應(yīng),而其他三個品種的體型則較小。2.170日齡和280日齡魯西斗雞在活重、半凈膛重、全凈膛重、胸肌重、腿肌重等多個絕對產(chǎn)肉性能指標(biāo)上高于其他三個品種,與其體型最大的特點相一致。3.一般認(rèn)為屠宰率和全凈膛率是衡量雞只產(chǎn)肉性能的主要指標(biāo),屠宰率在80%以上,全凈膛率在60%以上,認(rèn)為是產(chǎn)肉性能良好的標(biāo)志,本試驗中4個雞種兩個日齡的屠宰率均在80.0%以上,全凈膛率均在60.0%以上,說明這4個品種的產(chǎn)肉性能較好。4.170日齡時體斜長和龍骨長與宰前體重、屠宰體重、半凈膛重、全凈膛重、腿重、腿肌重、胸肌重等指標(biāo)呈較強(qiáng)的正相關(guān)(相關(guān)系數(shù)大多在0.6以上);而280日齡時,體斜長與宰前體重、屠體重、半凈膛重、全凈膛呈顯著正相關(guān)(P0.05),龍骨長僅和屠宰率有中等偏低程度的極顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(P0.05),與其他屠宰指標(biāo)相關(guān)不顯著(P0.05)。5.170日齡的魯西斗雞公、母雞的胸肌和公雞的腿肌失水率和滴水損失在四個雞種中是最高的,失水率分別為33.05%、34.30%和28.34%,滴水損失分別為4.09%、4.13%和3.75%,而四個雞種中母雞腿肌的失水率和滴水損失,濟(jì)寧百日雞是最高的,分別為34.53%和2.53%,且顯著高于其他三個品種,四個雞種280日齡時的失水率和滴水損失也表現(xiàn)出相同的規(guī)律,說明魯西斗雞公雞和濟(jì)寧百日雞母雞的持水性較差,萊蕪黑雞和汶上蘆花雞的持水性比較好。6.雞肉的水分含量的范圍一般在70%-75%,本研究中的四個雞種的雞肉的水分含量均在正常范圍之內(nèi)。肌內(nèi)脂肪含量結(jié)果表明,濟(jì)寧百日雞的肌內(nèi)脂肪沉積能力最強(qiáng),萊蕪黑雞的肌內(nèi)脂肪沉積能力最弱。7.根據(jù)FAO/WHO的模式標(biāo)準(zhǔn),質(zhì)量較好的蛋白質(zhì)的氨基酸組成中,必需氨基酸比例在40%左右,本研究中170日齡的四個雞種胸肌雞肉的必需氨基酸比例均在40%以上,280日齡的萊蕪黑雞和汶上蘆花雞的雞肉的必需氨基酸比例在40%以下,但都很接近40%,其余都在40%以上,說明四個雞種的雞肉均屬于優(yōu)質(zhì)蛋白質(zhì)來源。170日齡的四個雞種中魯西斗雞胸肌和腿肌的與甜味和鮮味有關(guān)的氨基酸總含量分別是四個雞種中最高的,而280日齡時,萊蕪黑雞的是最高的,汶上蘆花雞和濟(jì)寧百日雞的與兩個風(fēng)味有關(guān)的游離氨基酸含量相對偏低,總體說明170日齡的魯西斗雞的風(fēng)味比較好,而280日齡的萊蕪黑雞的風(fēng)味比較好。
[Abstract]:In order to understand the characteristics of meat production and meat quality of Wenshang Luhua chicken, Laiwu black chicken, Jining Baidi chicken and Luxi fighting chicken, In this study, 20 chickens of 4 breeds (male and female) were randomly selected under the same nutrition and management conditions of 170 days and 280 days of age, and their meat production performance and meat quality were measured, including meat production performance and routine physical and chemical indexes. Routine nutrients, amino acids and inosine. The results showed that the body length, chest width, chest depth, keel length and tibial length of 1.170 and 280 days old Luxi fighting chickens were significantly higher than those of Laiwu Black Chicken, Wenshang Luhua Chicken and Jining hundred Day Chicken. The size of the other three breeds is relatively small. 2.170 and 280 days old Luxi cocks are alive, half-bore, full-bore, breast-weight, Leg muscle weight and other absolute meat-producing performance indexes were higher than the other three varieties, consistent with the characteristics of its largest size. 3. It is generally considered that slaughter rate and total yield are the main indexes to evaluate the performance of chicken meat production. The slaughtering rate is more than 80%, and the total rate of carcass is more than 60%, which is considered to be a good indicator of meat production performance. In this experiment, the slaughter rate of the four breeds was above 80.0% and the rate of the whole bore was above 60.0%, which indicated that the four breeds had better meat yield, the body length, the keel length, the weight before slaughter and the slaughtering weight of the four breeds were better than that of the control group at the age of 4.170 days. There was a strong positive correlation (correlation coefficient was more than 0.6) between the indexes of half-bore weight, full weight, leg muscle weight, breast muscle weight and so on. At 280 days of age, there was a significant positive correlation between the oblique length of body and the weight of slaughter, the weight of slaughtering, the weight of half-bore and the whole bore (P0.05), and the keel length was significantly negatively correlated with the slaughter rate (P0.05), while the length of keel was significantly negative correlated with the slaughter rate (P0.05). There was no significant correlation with other slaughtering indexes (P0.05). The water loss rate and drip loss of breast muscle and leg muscle of female hens were the highest among the four breeds, and the water loss rates were 33.05, respectively, in the male of Luxi fighting chicken at the age of 5.170 days, and the loss of water in the leg muscle of the hen was the highest among the four breeds. 34.30% and 28.34%, the loss of dripping water was 4.094.13% and 3.75%, respectively. Among the four breeds, the water loss rate of leg muscle and drip loss of hens were the highest, 34.53% and 2.53%, respectively. The water loss rate and drip loss of four breeds at 280 days of age also showed the same rule, which indicated that the water holding capacity of Luxi cock and Jining hundred day hen was poor. Laiwu Black Chicken and Wenshang Luhua Chicken have better water holding capacity. 6. 6. The moisture content of chicken is generally in the range of 70-75. The water content of the four chicken breeds in this study is within the normal range. The results of intramuscular fat content showed that Jining 100 day chicken had the strongest intramuscular fat deposition ability, while Laiwu black chicken had the weakest intramuscular fat deposition ability. According to the model standard of FAO/WHO, the proportion of essential amino acids in the amino acid composition of the protein of good quality was about 40%, and the proportion of essential amino acids in the four chicken breeds of 170 days old was above 40%. The proportion of essential amino acids in 280-day-old Laiwu black chicken and Wenshang Luhua chicken is below 40%, but both are close to 40%, the rest are above 40%. The results showed that the chicken of four breeds belonged to the source of high quality protein. The total contents of amino acids related to sweetness and taste of pectoralis muscle and leg muscle of Luxi fighting chicken in 170 days old were the highest among the four breeds, but at 280 days old, the content of amino acids in the breast muscle and leg muscle of Luxi fighting chicken was the highest among the four breeds. The content of free amino acids related to the two flavors of Laihua chicken and Jining hundred day chicken was relatively low, indicating that the flavor of 170-day-old Luxi fighting chicken was better than that of 280-day-old Laiwu black chicken.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S831
本文編號：2365269
[Abstract]:In order to understand the characteristics of meat production and meat quality of Wenshang Luhua chicken, Laiwu black chicken, Jining Baidi chicken and Luxi fighting chicken, In this study, 20 chickens of 4 breeds (male and female) were randomly selected under the same nutrition and management conditions of 170 days and 280 days of age, and their meat production performance and meat quality were measured, including meat production performance and routine physical and chemical indexes. Routine nutrients, amino acids and inosine. The results showed that the body length, chest width, chest depth, keel length and tibial length of 1.170 and 280 days old Luxi fighting chickens were significantly higher than those of Laiwu Black Chicken, Wenshang Luhua Chicken and Jining hundred Day Chicken. The size of the other three breeds is relatively small. 2.170 and 280 days old Luxi cocks are alive, half-bore, full-bore, breast-weight, Leg muscle weight and other absolute meat-producing performance indexes were higher than the other three varieties, consistent with the characteristics of its largest size. 3. It is generally considered that slaughter rate and total yield are the main indexes to evaluate the performance of chicken meat production. The slaughtering rate is more than 80%, and the total rate of carcass is more than 60%, which is considered to be a good indicator of meat production performance. In this experiment, the slaughter rate of the four breeds was above 80.0% and the rate of the whole bore was above 60.0%, which indicated that the four breeds had better meat yield, the body length, the keel length, the weight before slaughter and the slaughtering weight of the four breeds were better than that of the control group at the age of 4.170 days. There was a strong positive correlation (correlation coefficient was more than 0.6) between the indexes of half-bore weight, full weight, leg muscle weight, breast muscle weight and so on. At 280 days of age, there was a significant positive correlation between the oblique length of body and the weight of slaughter, the weight of slaughtering, the weight of half-bore and the whole bore (P0.05), and the keel length was significantly negatively correlated with the slaughter rate (P0.05), while the length of keel was significantly negative correlated with the slaughter rate (P0.05). There was no significant correlation with other slaughtering indexes (P0.05). The water loss rate and drip loss of breast muscle and leg muscle of female hens were the highest among the four breeds, and the water loss rates were 33.05, respectively, in the male of Luxi fighting chicken at the age of 5.170 days, and the loss of water in the leg muscle of the hen was the highest among the four breeds. 34.30% and 28.34%, the loss of dripping water was 4.094.13% and 3.75%, respectively. Among the four breeds, the water loss rate of leg muscle and drip loss of hens were the highest, 34.53% and 2.53%, respectively. The water loss rate and drip loss of four breeds at 280 days of age also showed the same rule, which indicated that the water holding capacity of Luxi cock and Jining hundred day hen was poor. Laiwu Black Chicken and Wenshang Luhua Chicken have better water holding capacity. 6. 6. The moisture content of chicken is generally in the range of 70-75. The water content of the four chicken breeds in this study is within the normal range. The results of intramuscular fat content showed that Jining 100 day chicken had the strongest intramuscular fat deposition ability, while Laiwu black chicken had the weakest intramuscular fat deposition ability. According to the model standard of FAO/WHO, the proportion of essential amino acids in the amino acid composition of the protein of good quality was about 40%, and the proportion of essential amino acids in the four chicken breeds of 170 days old was above 40%. The proportion of essential amino acids in 280-day-old Laiwu black chicken and Wenshang Luhua chicken is below 40%, but both are close to 40%, the rest are above 40%. The results showed that the chicken of four breeds belonged to the source of high quality protein. The total contents of amino acids related to sweetness and taste of pectoralis muscle and leg muscle of Luxi fighting chicken in 170 days old were the highest among the four breeds, but at 280 days old, the content of amino acids in the breast muscle and leg muscle of Luxi fighting chicken was the highest among the four breeds. The content of free amino acids related to the two flavors of Laihua chicken and Jining hundred day chicken was relatively low, indicating that the flavor of 170-day-old Luxi fighting chicken was better than that of 280-day-old Laiwu black chicken.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S831
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