【摘要】：豆渣是大豆經(jīng)過(guò)加工制成豆制品或者提取蛋白后的副產(chǎn)物,它的含水量較大在70%以上,本試驗(yàn)旨豆渣為原料,通過(guò)添加麩皮為輔料調(diào)節(jié)其含水量在60%-70%左右,并以其作為固態(tài)發(fā)酵培養(yǎng)基(發(fā)酵原料),通過(guò)固態(tài)發(fā)酵獲得一種可以被反芻動(dòng)物利用的蛋白飼料。試驗(yàn)采用產(chǎn)朊假絲酵母和白地霉的雙菌混合體系作為發(fā)酵菌種,研究了二者的共生情況和各自的生長(zhǎng)特性,通過(guò)對(duì)豆渣原料的固態(tài)發(fā)酵確定了兩種菌株的接菌比例和發(fā)酵原料最佳的滅菌方式,并對(duì)混合菌固態(tài)發(fā)酵體系的工藝條件進(jìn)行了篩選和優(yōu)化,以期獲得一種低p H值、氣味優(yōu)良、耐貯存且適口性強(qiáng)的反芻動(dòng)物蛋白飼料,在保留豆渣原有優(yōu)良營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分的基礎(chǔ)上盡可能提高其營(yíng)養(yǎng)的利用率,并對(duì)優(yōu)化后的發(fā)酵產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行了常規(guī)營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分和瘤胃降解參數(shù)的測(cè)定。試驗(yàn)分為一下幾部分:試驗(yàn)一:原料和固態(tài)培養(yǎng)料的營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分測(cè)定采用試驗(yàn)室的常規(guī)分析方法對(duì)豆渣鮮樣、麩皮和含水量為65%的固態(tài)發(fā)酵原料(添加25%麩皮調(diào)制而成)進(jìn)行常規(guī)營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分的測(cè)定,通過(guò)對(duì)其常規(guī)成分測(cè)定,對(duì)豆渣的營(yíng)養(yǎng)組成結(jié)構(gòu)和各組分的含量有了大致認(rèn)識(shí)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,豆渣氨基酸種類(lèi)豐富蛋白優(yōu)質(zhì),纖維含量適中,營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分均衡而豐富,具有很高的利用價(jià)值。能滿足微生物生長(zhǎng)所需的氮源和碳源,符合固態(tài)培養(yǎng)對(duì)培養(yǎng)基的要求。試驗(yàn)二:豆渣發(fā)酵工藝條件的優(yōu)化以試驗(yàn)一調(diào)制的含水量65%的豆渣發(fā)酵原料,利用產(chǎn)朊假絲酵母和白地霉雙菌發(fā)酵體系。通過(guò)單因素試驗(yàn),以不加菌為對(duì)照組,產(chǎn)物活菌數(shù)為指標(biāo)研究了兩菌株的添加比例;以不滅菌為對(duì)照組,以發(fā)酵產(chǎn)物p H值為指標(biāo)研究了發(fā)酵原料的最佳滅菌方式;并通過(guò)對(duì)兩種菌株的生長(zhǎng)曲線繪制研究了最佳接菌時(shí)間。通過(guò)正交試驗(yàn),以培養(yǎng)基的活菌總數(shù)和p H值為指標(biāo),采用L9(34)正交試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),分別對(duì)菌液添加量(5%、10%、15%)、發(fā)酵溫度(25℃、30℃、35℃)、接種量(5%、10%、15%)和含水量(60%、65%、70%)4個(gè)因素3個(gè)水平進(jìn)行篩選。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:兩種菌株混合的最優(yōu)比例為產(chǎn)朊假絲酵母:白地霉=75%:25%,接種時(shí)間為產(chǎn)朊假絲酵母二次活化后第5小時(shí),白地霉為二次活化后第24小時(shí),最佳的滅菌方式為100℃高壓滅菌5分鐘即可。通過(guò)正交試驗(yàn)篩選出固態(tài)發(fā)酵的最佳發(fā)酵條件組合為:菌液添加量為10%;發(fā)酵原料含水量為60%;發(fā)酵溫度為35℃;發(fā)酵時(shí)間為72小時(shí)。試驗(yàn)三:對(duì)發(fā)酵后飼料營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分以及瘤胃降解參數(shù)的評(píng)價(jià)本試驗(yàn)旨在通過(guò)測(cè)定發(fā)酵前后飼料的常規(guī)營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分及瘤胃降解規(guī)律,來(lái)評(píng)定發(fā)酵后飼料的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值。采用試驗(yàn)室常規(guī)方法分析了試驗(yàn)在最佳條件下的發(fā)酵產(chǎn)物的常規(guī)營(yíng)養(yǎng)參數(shù),并用尼龍袋法測(cè)定了包含發(fā)酵原料在內(nèi)的三種飼料的瘤胃降解規(guī)律。常規(guī)營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分的結(jié)果顯示:發(fā)酵后產(chǎn)物去除了不良?xì)馕?pH較低,由原來(lái)的6.34變?yōu)?.86,儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間得到延長(zhǎng);質(zhì)地由原來(lái)濕黏的狀態(tài)變得疏松易散;且CP含量明顯升高,較未發(fā)酵豆渣提高到了29.88%;NDF由38.36%變?yōu)榘l(fā)酵后34.57%。瘤胃降解試驗(yàn)表明:相較于發(fā)酵原料,發(fā)酵產(chǎn)物DM、NDF和CP的有效瘤胃降解率均有所提高:干物質(zhì)的有效降解率由51.45%提高到了62.11%;發(fā)酵產(chǎn)物中性洗滌纖維的瘤胃有效降解率提高到了52.77%;粗蛋白的有效降解率達(dá)到了65.93%;且差異均顯著(P0.05)。綜上所述,經(jīng)過(guò)混菌固態(tài)發(fā)酵后,發(fā)酵底物的微生物活菌總量、瘤胃有效降解率均有了顯著的提高,發(fā)酵產(chǎn)物去除了發(fā)酵原料中的不良?xì)馕?保留了蛋白和粗纖維,而且pH值得到了降低。因此,通過(guò)固態(tài)發(fā)酵提高了發(fā)酵原料的適口性和營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值,使得儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間得到延長(zhǎng)。為發(fā)酵豆渣在反芻動(dòng)物發(fā)酵飼料的應(yīng)用推廣上給予了比較初步的理論參考。
[Abstract]:The bean dregs are the by-products after the soybean is processed into the bean product or the extracted protein, the water content of the bean dregs is greater than 70 percent, the test is made of the bean dregs as the raw material, the water content of the bean dregs is adjusted to be about 60-70 percent by adding the bran as the auxiliary material, and the bean dregs are used as the solid-state fermentation culture medium (fermentation raw material), A protein feed which can be used by a ruminant is obtained by solid-state fermentation. The co-occurrence of the two strains and the optimal sterilization method of the fermentation raw materials were determined by the solid-state fermentation of the raw material of the bean dregs. and the technical conditions of the mixed bacteria solid-state fermentation system are screened and optimized so as to obtain a ruminant protein feed with low p-H value, excellent odor, good storage and good palatability, and can improve the nutrient utilization rate as much as possible on the basis of retaining the original excellent nutritional components of the bean dregs, and the optimized fermentation product is determined by the conventional nutrient components and the rumen degradation parameters. The test is divided into the following parts: test one: the nutrient components of the raw material and the solid culture material are determined by the conventional analysis method of the laboratory, and the solid-state fermentation raw materials (with the addition of 25% of bran, which are added with the 25% bran modulation) of the fresh sample of the bean dregs, the bran and the water content of 65% are determined by the routine analysis method of the laboratory, The nutritional composition of the bean dregs and the content of the components were generally recognized by the determination of its conventional components. The results of the test show that the amino acid of the bean dregs is rich in protein, the fiber content is moderate, the nutrient components are balanced and rich, and the bean dregs have high utilization value. the nitrogen source and the carbon source required by the growth of the microorganism can be met, and the requirements of the solid-state culture on the culture medium are met. Experiment 2: The optimization of the conditions of the fermentation process of the bean dregs is to test the fermentation raw material of the bean dregs with the content of 65% of the water content. By single factor test, the addition ratio of the two strains was studied by the number of viable bacteria of the product as the control group and the number of viable bacteria of the product as the control group, and the optimal sterilization method of the fermentation raw material was studied by using the value of the p H of the fermentation product as the control group. and the optimal inoculation time was studied by drawing the growth curve of the two strains. The orthogonal test was used to design the total number of viable bacteria and the pH of the medium, and the addition of the bacterial liquid (5%, 10%, 15%), the fermentation temperature (25 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2351205