【摘要】：本論文研究稻草秸稈(RS組)和青貯玉米+稻草秸稈(MF組)纖維日糧對(duì)奶牛瘤胃發(fā)酵、泌乳性能和胃腸道甲烷排放的影響。論文分成兩部份：1)通過(guò)體外模擬瘤胃發(fā)酵,探究瘤胃微生物對(duì)兩種纖維日糧底物的降解特性、發(fā)酵特征和甲烷生成的影響：2)通過(guò)奶牛飼養(yǎng)試驗(yàn),研究?jī)煞N纖維日糧對(duì)奶牛瘤胃發(fā)酵、養(yǎng)分?jǐn)z入、消化和利用、泌乳性能和胃腸道甲烷排放的影響：通過(guò)48h體外模擬瘤胃發(fā)酵試驗(yàn),測(cè)定發(fā)酵產(chǎn)氣量、干物質(zhì)消失率、揮發(fā)性脂肪和甲烷產(chǎn)量等。與RS組相比,MF組的pH顯著降低,干物質(zhì)消失率、總揮發(fā)性脂肪酸總量、48h產(chǎn)氣量和起始底物降解速率顯著升高。這顯示,MF組日糧底物中的青貯玉米纖維更容易被瘤胃微生物降解。另外,與RS組相比,MF組的丙酸產(chǎn)量顯著升高,乙丙比值和甲烷含量顯著降低。表明MF組中的青貯玉米纖維更傾向于丙酸型發(fā)酵,進(jìn)而減少了甲烷生成。挑選14頭體況相近的泌乳中后期荷斯坦奶牛作為試驗(yàn)動(dòng)物,根據(jù)產(chǎn)奶量、胎次和泌乳日齡將奶牛配對(duì)分成2組。預(yù)飼期15天、正飼期28天(消化試驗(yàn)、采集瘤胃液、測(cè)定奶牛泌乳性能和胃腸道甲烷排放量等)。與RS組相比,MF組的DMI、 GEI和NDFI顯著升高,且NDF消化率亦顯著升高。證明青貯玉米具有更好的適口性,且青貯玉米纖維更容易被奶牛消化利用。MF組乳中固形物、乳蛋白、乳脂肪的產(chǎn)量和含量均顯著高于RS組,與稻草秸稈纖維相比,日糧青貯玉米纖維明顯提高了奶牛的泌乳性能。MF組的甲烷能轉(zhuǎn)化因子和單位奶產(chǎn)量的甲烷排放量顯著低于RS組。結(jié)果顯示,與稻草秸稈纖維相比,日糧青貯玉米纖維有助于減少奶牛胃腸道甲烷相對(duì)排放。綜合上述：與單一稻草秸稈作為日糧纖維來(lái)源相比,以青貯玉米作為日糧的主要纖維來(lái)源提高了奶牛采食量、纖維消化和利用以及奶牛泌乳性能,并減少了甲烷轉(zhuǎn)化因子和單位產(chǎn)奶量的胃腸道甲烷排放。
[Abstract]:The effects of fiber diet of straw (RS group) and silage corn straw (MF group) on rumen fermentation, lactation performance and methane emission from gastrointestinal tract were studied. This paper was divided into two parts: 1) the degradation characteristics, fermentation characteristics and methane production of rumen microbes on the substrate of two fiber diets were studied by simulating rumen fermentation in vitro; The effects of two fiber diets on rumen fermentation, nutrient intake, digestion and utilization, lactation performance and gastrointestinal methane emission were studied. Volatile fat and methane production. Compared with RS group, pH of MF group decreased significantly, dry matter disappeared rate, total volatile fatty acid content, gas production at 48 h and degradation rate of initial substrate increased significantly. The results showed that silage corn fiber in dietary substrate of MF group was more easily degraded by rumen microorganism. In addition, the yield of propionic acid in MF group was significantly higher than that in RS group, while the ratio of ethylene-c and methane content was significantly decreased in MF group. The results showed that silage corn fiber in MF group was more inclined to propionic acid fermentation, thus reducing methane production. 14 Holstein cows with similar body condition were selected as experimental animals. The cows were divided into two groups according to milk yield, birth order and lactation age. The pre-feeding period was 15 days and the positive feeding period was 28 days (digestibility test, rumen fluid collection, lactation performance and methane emission from gastrointestinal tract, etc.). Compared with RS group, DMI, GEI and NDFI in MF group were significantly increased, and NDF digestibility was also significantly increased in MF group. The results showed that silage maize had better palatability, and silage corn fiber was easier to be digested and utilized by dairy cattle. The yield and content of solids, milk protein and milk fat in MF group were significantly higher than those in RS group, compared with straw fiber. Dietary silage corn fiber significantly improved the lactating performance of dairy cows, and the methane conversion factor and methane emission per unit milk yield in MF group were significantly lower than those in RS group. The results showed that compared with straw fiber, dietary silage corn fiber could reduce relative methane emission from gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows. Compared with single straw as dietary fiber source, silage corn as the main fiber source improved the feed intake, fiber digestibility and utilization and lactation performance of dairy cows. Methane conversion factors and gastrointestinal methane emissions per unit milk yield were also reduced.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S823.5

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本文編號(hào)：2346977