發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-05 19:19

【摘要】：目的對(duì)牦牛、遷飼黃牛及低海拔黃牛頸動(dòng)脈體(CB)形態(tài)及CB中低氧相關(guān)因子的表達(dá)進(jìn)行比較,探討高原土生或遷飼動(dòng)物CB適應(yīng)慢性低氧的模式。方法采集青海地區(qū)海拔3000~4000m的9頭牦牛、2500m的9頭高山遷飼黃牛及甘肅平原海拔1300米的12頭低海拔黃牛的CB,固定、切片、染色后行光學(xué)顯微鏡和電子顯微鏡比較觀察,并對(duì)CB中低氧誘導(dǎo)因子-1α(HIF-1α)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、瘦素受體(LEPR)、促紅細(xì)胞生成素(EPO)等低氧相關(guān)因子的表達(dá)進(jìn)行免疫組織化學(xué)觀察。結(jié)果相比黃牛,牦牛CB體積較小,不同海拔牦牛的CB大小、形態(tài)及主細(xì)胞數(shù)量差異無(wú)顯著性,而遷飼黃牛CB體積較低海拔黃牛大。牦牛CB主細(xì)胞中明細(xì)胞、暗細(xì)胞和固縮細(xì)胞的數(shù)量百分比比例為67.1%∶28.2%∶4.7%,遷飼黃牛為78.5%∶18.6%∶2.9%,低海拔黃牛為87.3%∶10.2%∶2.5%;與低海拔黃牛相似,牦牛CB少部分明細(xì)胞胞質(zhì)透亮,暗細(xì)胞胞核染色質(zhì)較致密并呈粗顆粒狀,而遷飼黃牛CB大部分明細(xì)胞胞質(zhì)透亮,暗細(xì)胞胞核染色質(zhì)致密,顆粒稀少。3種牛支持細(xì)胞形態(tài)差異無(wú)顯著性。與低海拔黃牛相比,遷飼黃牛CB主細(xì)胞的少數(shù)核異染色質(zhì)增多,個(gè)別形態(tài)異常,胞質(zhì)內(nèi)多數(shù)細(xì)胞器腫脹溶解,殘留少量細(xì)胞器和致密核心囊泡。3種牛CB中均有不同程度的HIF-1a、NOS、LEPR、EPO的蛋白表達(dá),其中牦牛CB中EPO蛋白表達(dá)陽(yáng)性率較低海拔黃牛明顯降低(P0.05)。結(jié)論海拔高度不是影響牦牛頸動(dòng)脈體大小和主細(xì)胞數(shù)量的主要因素。遷飼黃牛CB主細(xì)胞中細(xì)胞類型的比例與牦牛有趨同性改變,但缺氧時(shí)行使功能的I型細(xì)胞功能系統(tǒng)受損,尚處于低氧環(huán)境下的習(xí)服階段。慢性低氧可能主要影響牦牛和遷飼黃牛CB中EPO蛋白表達(dá)。
[Abstract]:Objective to compare the (CB) morphology of carotid artery body and the expression of hypoxia related factors in CB in yak, migrant cattle and low altitude cattle, and to explore the model of adaptation of CB to chronic hypoxia in native or migrating animals at high altitude. Methods the CB, fixation and section of 9 yaks (3000m), 2500m (9 alpine) fed yellow cattle and 12 low-altitude yellow cattle (1300 meters above sea level) in Qinghai province were collected, and then observed by optical microscope and electron microscope. The expression of hypoxia related factors such as hypoxia inducible factor-1 偽 (HIF-1 偽), (LEPR), leptin receptor (LEPR), leptin receptor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS),) and erythropoietin (EPO) (EPO) in CB were observed by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the size of CB in yak was smaller than that in yellow cattle. There was no significant difference in the size, morphology and number of main cells of CB in yaks at different elevations, but the volume of CB in cattle was larger than that in low altitude cattle. The percentage of the number of bright cells, dark cells and pyknotic cells in the main cell of yak CB is 67.1%, and the percentage of the number of cells in the body of yak CB is 78.5: 18.6: 2.9. the percentage of the number of bright cells, dark cells and pyknotic cells in the main cells of yak is 67.1. Low altitude cattle for 87.3: 10. 2: 2. 5; Similar to the low altitude yellow cattle, the cytoplasm of a few bright cells in yak CB was clear, and the chromatin of dark cell nucleus was dense and coarse granular, while most of the bright cell cytoplasm and dark cell nuclear chromatin were dense in CB. There was no significant difference in morphology of Sertoli cells among the three cattle. Compared with the low altitude cattle, the number of heterochromatin in the main cells of CB was increased, the morphology of individual cells was abnormal, and most of the organelles in the cytoplasm were swollen and dissolved. A small amount of organelles and dense core vesicles were found in the three kinds of bovine CB. The positive rate of EPO protein expression in yak CB was significantly lower than that in low altitude cattle (P0.05). Conclusion altitude is not the main factor affecting the size of carotid artery and the number of main cells in yak. The proportion of cell types in the main cells of CB was similar to that of yaks, but the functional function of type I cells was damaged during hypoxia, which was still in the acclimatization stage of hypoxia. Chronic hypoxia may mainly affect the expression of EPO protein in CB of yak and cattle.
【作者單位】： 青海省高原醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)研究院科技部省部共建高原病重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室衛(wèi)生部高原病重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室青海省高原醫(yī)學(xué)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;蘭州大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院病理學(xué)研究所;
【基金】：973前期項(xiàng)目(2012CB722506) 973項(xiàng)目(2012CB518202)
【分類號(hào)】：S823

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