【摘要】：本試驗以泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛為研究對象,采用動靜脈血插管技術(shù)研究了秸稈組奶牛灌注乳脂前體物和乳蛋白前體物對其產(chǎn)奶性能和乳品質(zhì)的促進效果,并從乳腺對短鏈脂肪酸攝取規(guī)律的角度分析秸稈組與苜蓿組奶牛在產(chǎn)奶性能和乳品質(zhì)方面存在差異的主要原因,為有效提高秸稈飼料的利用效率和改善乳品質(zhì)奠定科學(xué)依據(jù)。本論文的試驗研究包括兩部分：試驗一主要研究了陰外動脈灌注乳脂前體物對奶牛乳腺內(nèi)短鏈脂肪酸攝取規(guī)律的影響,試驗二主要研究了陰外動脈灌注乳蛋白前體物對奶牛乳腺內(nèi)短鏈脂肪酸攝取規(guī)律的影響。試驗一、試驗二均采用2x2交叉試驗設(shè)計,選擇經(jīng)產(chǎn)(2～3胎)、泌乳中期(99±11 d)、健康無病、體重相近、日產(chǎn)奶量為20.17士1.28kg的荷斯坦奶牛8頭,隨機將奶牛分為兩組,每組各4頭奶牛。兩組奶牛飼喂不同的日糧,分別為苜蓿組(MF)和秸稈組(CS),試驗分為兩個階段,每個階段共20天,分別為日糧適應(yīng)期(預(yù)飼期)14天,載體灌注期3天,正式灌注期3天。在試驗一中,在載體灌注期,苜蓿組奶牛接受載體灌注(陽性對照組1),秸稈組奶牛也接受載體灌注(對照組)；在正式灌注期,苜蓿組奶牛繼續(xù)接受載體灌注(陽性對照組2),秸稈組奶牛灌注乳脂前體物,第二階段將兩組動物互換。在試驗二中,在正式灌注期,秸稈組的奶牛灌注乳蛋白前體物,其余同試驗一。然后,分別采集試驗?zāi)膛５难獦雍腿闃?測定血樣中短鏈脂肪酸的濃度、比例、乳腺對其的攝取量以及奶牛的產(chǎn)奶性能。在本試驗的條件下得出：(1)秸稈組奶牛灌注乳脂前體物前,產(chǎn)奶量、標(biāo)準乳產(chǎn)量、乳脂肪和乳蛋白產(chǎn)量均顯著低于苜蓿組(P0.05)；灌注乳脂前體物后可顯著增加奶牛的乳脂率、產(chǎn)乳脂效率和乳蛋白率(P0.05),達到與苜蓿組相似的水平；灌注乳脂前體物可改善奶牛的產(chǎn)奶量、乳蛋白與乳脂肪產(chǎn)量,但仍然低于苜蓿組(P0.05)。(2)秸稈組奶牛陰外動脈灌注乳脂前體物可顯著提高尾動脈血中乙酸、丙酸、丁酸以及總短鏈脂肪酸的濃度(P0.05)。(3)秸稈組奶牛陰外動脈灌注乳脂前體物對乳腺內(nèi)乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、總短鏈脂肪酸的攝取量、攝取效率和動靜脈差均無顯著的影響(P0.05),但在數(shù)值上高于苜蓿組。(4)秸稈組奶牛陰外動脈灌注乳蛋白前體物可顯著提高乳蛋白率(P0.05),對產(chǎn)奶量、標(biāo)準乳產(chǎn)量、乳脂率與乳脂肪產(chǎn)量、乳蛋白產(chǎn)量有一定促進效果,但仍然低于苜蓿組(P0.05)。(5)秸稈組奶牛陰外動脈灌注乳蛋白前體物可趨于顯著地提高乳靜脈血中乙酸的濃度(P0.10),降低乳腺內(nèi)乙酸的動靜脈差(P0.05),縮小了秸稈組與苜蓿組奶牛在乳腺對乙酸的攝取量和攝取效率方面存在的差異。(6)陰外動脈灌注乳蛋白前體物對提高尾動脈血中乙酸/丙酸、(乙酸+丁酸)/丙酸有一定的促進效果。
[Abstract]:In this study, the effects of milk fat precursor and protein precursor on milk yield and milk quality of Holstein cows in middle lactation period were studied by using arterial venous blood intubation technique. The main reasons for the difference in milk yield and milk quality between straw group and alfalfa group were analyzed from the point of view of breast intake of short chain fatty acid, which laid a scientific foundation for improving the utilization efficiency of straw feed and improving milk quality. The present study consists of two parts: the first part was to study the effect of external vaginal artery infusion of milk fat precursor on the intake of short-chain fatty acids in the mammary gland of dairy cows. In the second experiment, the effects of lactoprotein precursor perfused by external negative artery on the intake of short-chain fatty acids in mammary gland of dairy cows were studied. In experiment 1 and experiment 2, 8 Holstein cows were selected with 2x2 cross test design, and 8 Holstein cows with midlactation (99 鹵11 d), healthy and disease-free (99 鹵11 d), similar body weight and daily milk yield of 20.17 鹵1.28kg. The cows were randomly divided into two groups with 4 cows in each group. The two groups of cows were fed different diets. The (CS), test of alfalfa group (MF) and straw group was divided into two stages, each stage was 20 days, which was 14 days of adaptation (prefeeding period) and 3 days of carrier perfusion. The formal perfusion period was 3 days. In experiment 1, during the period of carrier perfusion, alfalfa cows received carrier perfusion (positive control group 1), straw group cows also received carrier perfusion (control group). During the formal perfusion period, alfalfa cows continued to receive carrier perfusion (positive control group 2), straw group cows infused milk fat precursors, and the two groups were exchanged in the second stage. In the second experiment, during the formal perfusion period, the cows in the straw group perfused milk protein precursors, and the rest were the same as those in the first experiment. Then, blood samples and milk samples were collected, the concentration and proportion of short-chain fatty acids in blood samples, breast intake and milk yield were determined. Under the condition of this experiment: (1) the milk yield, standard milk yield, milk fat and milk protein production of straw group were significantly lower than that of alfalfa group (P0.05); The milk fat rate, milk fat efficiency and milk protein rate of dairy cows were significantly increased after infusion of milk fat precursor (P0.05), which reached the level similar to that of alfalfa group. The milk production, milk protein and milk fat production were improved by injecting milk fat precursor, but still lower than that of alfalfa group (P0.05). (2). The milk precursor perfused by external vaginal artery in straw group could significantly increase acetic acid and propionic acid in caudal blood. The concentration of butyric acid and total short chain fatty acid (P0.05). (3) in the straw group, the intake of intramammary acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and total short chain fatty acid in breast was measured by external vaginal artery infusion of milk fat precursor. There was no significant difference in uptake efficiency and arteriovenous difference (P0.05), but the value was higher than that in alfalfa group. (4) the milk protein rate was significantly increased in the straw group (P0.05), and the milk yield was significantly increased in the straw group. The standard milk yield, milk fat ratio, milk fat yield and milk protein yield have certain promoting effects. But it was still lower than that of alfalfa group (P0.05). (5). The concentration of acetic acid in milk vein blood (P0. 10) and the arteriovenous difference of intramammary acetic acid (P0. 05) were decreased in the straw group (P05). The difference between straw group and alfalfa group in the intake and efficiency of acetic acid in mammary gland was reduced. (6) Transvaginal artery infusion of lactoprotein precursor increased acetic acid / propionic acid in caudal blood. (butyric acid acetate) / propionic acid has a certain promoting effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S823.5

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