【摘要】：研究了科爾沁沙地疏林草地、針茅草原和草甸植被蓋度、地上和地下生物量、物種多樣性對圍封和放牧的響應(yīng)。結(jié)果表明:(1)圍封與放牧草地的優(yōu)勢植物不同,圍封草地植物群落優(yōu)勢植物為多年生禾本科植物,放牧草地中一年生植物和小半灌木優(yōu)勢明顯。(2)圍封和放牧草地的植物蓋度、凋落物量、地上生物量和物種豐富度存在明顯差異(P0.05);圍封顯著提高了植被蓋度和地上生物量,由疏林草地、針茅草原到草甸,植物蓋度和地上生物量逐漸增加,而3種草地植被凋落物量大小順序為針茅草原疏林草地草甸;放牧條件下植物蓋度、凋落物量和物種豐富度差異不顯著(P0.05)。(3)3種草地之間的地下生物量無顯著差異(P0.05),但圍封與放牧之間、不同土壤層次之間地下生物量存在明顯差異(P0.05);圍封顯著提高草地的地下生物量(P0.05);草地地下生物量隨著土壤深度表現(xiàn)出下降趨勢(P0.05)。長期放牧增加了草地一年生植物和小半灌木植物的優(yōu)勢,消除了不同草地之間植被蓋度和物種豐富度的差異;而圍封能提高草地多年生禾本科植物的優(yōu)勢、增加其物種豐富度,對于草地質(zhì)量和植物多樣性的恢復(fù)和保育具有積極作用。
[Abstract]:The vegetation coverage, aboveground and underground biomass, species diversity response to enclosure and grazing were studied in the open forest and grassland of Horqin Sandy Land, Plantago and Meadow. The results showed that: (1) the dominant plants in enclosed grassland were different from those in grazing grassland, and the dominant plants in enclosed grassland community were perennial gramineous plants. (2) there were significant differences in plant coverage, litter amount, aboveground biomass and species richness between enclosed grassland and grazing grassland (P0.05). The vegetation coverage and aboveground biomass were significantly increased by enclosure. The vegetation coverage and aboveground biomass increased gradually from the open forest grassland to the meadow, and the litter amount of the three kinds of grassland vegetation was in the order of the alpine meadow. Under grazing conditions, there was no significant difference in plant coverage, litter amount and species richness (P0.05). (3) among the three grasslands (P0.05), but there was no significant difference between enclosed grassland and grazing. There were significant differences in underground biomass among different soil layers (P0.05). Enclosure significantly increased the below-ground biomass of grassland (P0.05), and the below-ground biomass of grassland decreased with soil depth (P0.05). Long-term grazing increased the advantage of annual plants and small semi-shrub plants in grassland and eliminated the differences in vegetation coverage and species richness among different grasslands. Enclosure can improve the superiority of perennial gramineous plants and increase their species richness, which plays an active role in the restoration and conservation of grassland quality and plant diversity.
【作者單位】： 中國科學(xué)院西北生態(tài)環(huán)境資源研究院奈曼沙漠化研究站;中國科學(xué)院大學(xué);
【基金】：中國科學(xué)院“百人計劃”項目(Y451H31001) 國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(41571106,41171414) 內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)科技重大專項(Y439K71001)
【分類號】：S812

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