【摘要】：本文旨在對沙子嶺豬育種方案進行優(yōu)化,以獲得目前條件下最優(yōu)育種方案。首先,通過對沙子嶺豬育種資料的整理,對沙子嶺豬群體進行基礎(chǔ)性研究,包括生長發(fā)育性狀校正公式的制定、遺傳參數(shù)的估算、邊際效益的計算及簡化綜合育種值。再根據(jù)所獲得的數(shù)據(jù),對沙子嶺豬育種方案進行優(yōu)化,優(yōu)化的指標分別為沙子嶺豬群體公母豬數(shù)量、公豬使用年限和育種投資期,以獲得最大育種效益為標準,選擇最佳優(yōu)化組合。研究結(jié)果表明,Saturation模型為擬合沙子嶺豬早期生長動態(tài)的最優(yōu)模型,所得校正公式適用性最為廣泛；沙子嶺豬遺傳參數(shù)估算主要對繁殖性狀和生長發(fā)育性狀進行了研究,其中繁殖性狀包括產(chǎn)活仔數(shù),出生窩重,21日齡窩活仔數(shù),21日齡窩重,35日齡窩重和35日齡活仔數(shù),各性狀遺傳力范圍為0.15-0.28,性狀間遺傳相關(guān)范圍為0.31-0.51；生長發(fā)育性狀包括達50kg體重日齡,達50kg體重活體背膘厚,6月齡體長、體高、胸圍、胸深、胸寬各性狀遺傳力范圍為0.33～0.44,性狀間遺傳相關(guān)除達50kg體重活體背膘厚與其他各性狀相關(guān)為負相關(guān)(-0.30--0.10)外,其余均為正相關(guān)(0.19～0.83)；利用多元回歸法得出沙子嶺豬經(jīng)濟性狀邊際效益為產(chǎn)活仔數(shù)(18.03)、出生窩重(0.89)、21日齡活仔數(shù)(12.30)、21日齡窩重(1.10)、35日齡活仔數(shù)(11.07)、35日齡窩重(0.21)、達50kg體重日齡(-0.91)、達50kg體重活體背膘厚(-0.88),經(jīng)過與貼現(xiàn)因子獲得的相應(yīng)經(jīng)濟加權(quán)值為1].30、0.56、7.54、0.67、6.73、0.13、-0.69和-0.67(元)；考慮育種工作的效率和成本及準確性,簡化綜合育種值以保留產(chǎn)活仔數(shù)、35日齡窩重、達50kg體重日齡和達50kg體重背膘厚最為理想。以上述研究結(jié)果為基礎(chǔ),對沙子嶺豬育種方案進行優(yōu)化發(fā)現(xiàn)：在沙子嶺豬公豬數(shù)目不變的情況下,沙子嶺母豬數(shù)目越多,則所獲得的遺傳進展越大；沙子嶺母豬數(shù)目不變的情況下,每世代選留種公豬越多引起選擇強度降低,其遺傳進展有變小趨勢；各性狀遺傳進展與綜合遺傳進展隨著沙子嶺公豬使用年限變小而有遞增的趨勢；育種投資期的延長會導致性狀標準化貼現(xiàn)因子的不斷增大,從而引起經(jīng)濟加權(quán)值的增大,沙子嶺豬育種產(chǎn)出也會隨著育種投資期的延長而增大,育種成本也不會發(fā)生變化；同時發(fā)現(xiàn),對試驗結(jié)果中的優(yōu)化水平進行任一組合,其年近交增量都不會超過0.5%。通過觀察單一因素的變化對沙子嶺豬育種效益的影響,綜合三種最優(yōu)因素進行組合,得到沙子嶺豬目前狀態(tài)下的最優(yōu)育種方案,其綜合遺傳進展為7.0505元,年育種效益為116.67元。
[Abstract]:The aim of this paper is to optimize the breeding scheme of Shaoling pig in order to obtain the best breeding scheme under present conditions. Firstly, through sorting out the breeding data of SHALING pig, the basic research on the population of SHALING pig is carried out, including the formulation of correction formula for growth and development traits, the estimation of genetic parameters, the calculation of marginal benefit and the simplification of comprehensive breeding value. According to the data obtained, the breeding scheme of Shaoling pig is optimized. The optimized indexes are the number of boars, the number of boars and the investment period of boar breeding, which is based on the maximum benefit of breeding. Select the optimal combination. The results show that the Saturation model is the best model to fit the early growth dynamics of SHALING pig, and the correction formula is the most widely used. The genetic parameters of SHALING pigs were mainly studied on reproductive traits and growth traits. Reproductive traits included litter size, birth litter weight, litter size at 21 days old, litter weight at 35 days old and live litter size at 35 days old. The heritability range of each trait is 0.15-0.28, and the genetic correlation range among characters is 0.31-0.51. The traits of growth and development include 50kg body weight, 50kg body weight, body length, body height, chest circumference, chest depth, and the heritability range of each trait is 0.33 ~ 0.44, and that of 50kg body weight is 0.33 ~ 0.44, and the traits of growth and development include body length, body height, chest circumference, chest depth and chest width. The genetic correlation among traits was positive except for the negative correlation between backfat thickness and other traits (-0.30-0.10), and the positive correlation for all other traits (0.19 ~ 0.83). By using multiple regression method, the marginal benefits of economic traits of SHALING pigs were as follows: litter size (18.03), litter weight at birth (0.89), litter size at 21 days (12.30), litter weight at 21 days (1.10), litter size at 35 days (11.07). The weight of nest at 35 days (0.21), the weight of 50kg (-0.91), the backfat thickness of 50kg in vivo (-0.88), and the corresponding economic weighted value obtained by discount factor are 1]. -0.69 and -0.67 (RMB); Considering the efficiency, cost and accuracy of breeding work, the best way to simplify the comprehensive breeding value was to preserve the number of live litter, the litter weight of 35 days old, the age of 50kg body weight and the backfat thickness of 50kg body weight. On the basis of the above research results, the breeding scheme of Shaoling pig was optimized. It was found that when the number of SHALING boars was constant, the greater the number of sows was, the greater the genetic progress would be. When the number of sows in Shaling was constant, the selection intensity decreased and the genetic progress decreased with more boars selected for each generation. The genetic progress and comprehensive genetic progress of each trait showed an increasing trend with the decrease of service life of SHALING boar. The prolongation of breeding investment period will lead to the constant increase of standardized discount factor of traits and the increase of economic weighting value. The breeding output of Shailing pig will also increase with the extension of breeding investment period, and the breeding cost will not change. At the same time, it is found that the annual inbreeding increment is not more than 0.5 for any combination of the optimal level in the test results. By observing the effect of single factor change on the breeding benefit of Shaoling pig, combining the three optimal factors, the optimal breeding scheme of SHALING pig under the present condition was obtained. The comprehensive genetic progress was 7.0505 yuan. The annual benefit of breeding is 116.67 yuan.
【學位授予單位】：湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S828

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