發(fā)布時間：2018-09-19 15:57

【摘要】：為開展種豬生產(chǎn)性能的智能化、自動化測定及開展種豬采食行為學研究,該研究設計了一種集自動識別、體質(zhì)量感知、采食行為數(shù)據(jù)自動采集、數(shù)據(jù)分析與處理于一體的種豬生產(chǎn)性能智能測定系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)主要由豬只耳標識別模塊、精準下料控制模塊、料槽及豬只個體稱質(zhì)量模塊、現(xiàn)場數(shù)據(jù)通訊模塊及遠程中央控制模塊組成。系統(tǒng)機械部分主要包括飼喂站的豎直側(cè)墻、稱質(zhì)量平臺、活動擋板、下料機構(gòu)、料倉、控制盒、出料口開關及耳標識讀器等組成。電路控制系統(tǒng)包括微處理器(LPC1766,內(nèi)核為ARM Cortex-M3內(nèi)核的微控制器)、RS232讀卡器接口、數(shù)據(jù)存儲芯片(預設存儲256 KB數(shù)據(jù))、看門狗電路、稱質(zhì)量電路、外圍驅(qū)動電路、JTAG接口電路及穩(wěn)壓電源電路。系統(tǒng)性能測試結(jié)果表明:1)測量精度如下:飼喂下料沒有范圍限制,取決于喂料倉的儲料狀態(tài),單次下料量及動態(tài)誤差為93±2g;豬只體質(zhì)量秤量程為0~200 kg,計量精度為10 g,稱量動態(tài)誤差占豬只體質(zhì)量的0.5%以下,符合測定需求;2)對40頭種公豬后裔的生長肥育豬飼喂測試結(jié)果表明,在25~60 kg體質(zhì)量范圍內(nèi),自由采食日均次數(shù)10~12次,日均采食時間78min,測試期間料肉比(FCR)為2.33:1,且生長規(guī)律符合Gompertz曲線,通過該模型預測的日增質(zhì)量下降的拐點發(fā)生111~117d之間,對應的拐點體質(zhì)量在63~64 kg范圍內(nèi)。上述實際觀察及預測結(jié)果較好地反映了測定對象的生產(chǎn)性能,開發(fā)的軟件及硬件系統(tǒng)達到了種豬生產(chǎn)性能測定的要求;3)系統(tǒng)下料控制部分,首次采用雨刷電機取代早期采用的步進電機,不僅成本下降,尤其結(jié)合圓柱式刮板下料機構(gòu),降低了單次下料量,改善了下料的精度;4)系統(tǒng)核心芯片采用進口器件,電路設計采用多重冗余和保護電路,軟件的編寫采用了多重功能驗證,并通過長期可靠性測試;軟件和硬件的冗余設計,提高了控制系統(tǒng)的可靠性,消除來自電源、電機、電磁波干擾,該測定系統(tǒng)具有極高的可靠性;測定的數(shù)據(jù)通過計算機系統(tǒng)可長期保存或升遷,便于數(shù)據(jù)量的積累和開展種豬選育的大數(shù)據(jù)挖掘分析。
[Abstract]:In order to carry out intelligent, automatic measurement of production performance of breeding pigs and research on feeding behavior of breeding pigs, a kind of automatic data collection for body mass perception, body mass perception and feeding behavior was designed. Data analysis and processing in one of the production performance of pig intelligent measurement system. The system is mainly composed of pig ear mark identification module, precision feeding control module, feed tank and pig individual weight module, field data communication module and remote central control module. The mechanical part of the system mainly includes the vertical side wall of feeding station, the mass platform, the movable baffle, the feeding mechanism, the silo, the control box, the outlet switch and the earmark reader. The circuit control system includes microprocessor (LPC1766, core is the microcontroller with ARM Cortex-M3 kernel) and RS232 card reader interface, data storage chip (preset storage 256KB data), watchdog circuit, quality circuit, etc. The peripheral drive circuit includes JTAG interface circuit and power supply circuit. The system performance test results show that the accuracy of the measurement is as follows: there is no limit to the range of the feedstock, which depends on the state of the feeding bin. The single feed quantity and dynamic error were 93 鹵2g, the measuring precision was 10 g and the weighing dynamic error was less than 0.5% of the body weight of the pig. In the range of 25 ~ 60 kg body mass, the average daily intake was 10 ~ 12 times and the average daily intake time was 78 minutes. During the test period, the ratio of feed to meat was 2.33: 1, and the growth law was in accordance with the Gompertz curve. The inflection point of daily mass decline predicted by this model occurred between 111 and 117 days. The body mass of the corresponding inflection point is in the range of 63 ~ 64 kg. The above actual observation and prediction results well reflect the production performance of the tested objects, and the software and hardware system developed has met the requirement of testing the production performance of breeding pigs, and the discharge control part of the system has been developed. It is the first time that the wiper motor is used to replace the early step motor. Not only the cost is reduced, but also the input device is used in the core chip of the system, especially in combination with the cylindrical scraper cutting mechanism, which reduces the amount of single load and improves the precision of blanking. The circuit is designed with multiple redundancy and protection circuits, the software is verified by multiple functions, and the long term reliability is tested. The redundancy design of software and hardware improves the reliability of the control system and eliminates the power supply and motor. Because of electromagnetic wave interference, the system has high reliability, and the measured data can be saved or upgraded for a long time by computer system, which is convenient for the accumulation of data and the mining and analysis of big data breeding.
【作者單位】： 中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學院北京畜牧獸醫(yī)研究所動物營養(yǎng)學國家重點實驗室;北京農(nóng)學院奶牛營養(yǎng)學北京市重點實驗室;
【基金】：國家“十三五”重點研發(fā)課題(2016YFD0700205,2016YFD0700201) 北京市重大計劃項目所屬課題(D171100000417002)
【分類號】：S828

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