【摘要】：我國是養(yǎng)豬大國,2015年我國的豬肉消費量超過5700萬噸,占世界豬肉總消費量的52%;預(yù)計2016年我國生豬出欄量約5.9億頭,約占世界生豬出欄總數(shù)的51%。但我國養(yǎng)豬業(yè)仍有很大提升空間,其中我國目前存欄能繁母豬3600萬頭,每頭能繁母豬年均出欄15~16頭商品豬,和世界先進國家的25頭生產(chǎn)水平相差甚遠;2015我國能夠年均出欄500頭的規(guī)�；i場占44%,而美國在2009年,年出欄5000頭以上商品豬的規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖場占比已經(jīng)超過62%。我國養(yǎng)豬技術(shù)水平的亟待提高,其中提高母豬每胎產(chǎn)子數(shù)、降低仔豬死亡率又是重中之重。2013~2015年春節(jié)前后,國內(nèi)(尤其是吉林、江西、安徽、山西、河北、山東等地)母豬大面積出現(xiàn)繁殖障礙等疾病;哺乳仔豬、保育豬也面臨呼吸系統(tǒng)與消化系統(tǒng)疾病,尚無有效的預(yù)防和治療措施。針對這種情況,本人走訪了吉林省多家規(guī)模化豬場和養(yǎng)豬散戶,選取一家有代表性的規(guī)�；肛i場,從病史、流行病學(xué)調(diào)查、臨床癥狀檢查、病理剖檢及組織學(xué)觀察、實驗室檢測分析及鑒別診,綜合分析此次疫情的發(fā)病原因和防治綜合措施。病史調(diào)查與流行病學(xué)調(diào)查結(jié)果表明,該母豬場無重大疫病史,本次爆發(fā)的哺乳仔豬腹瀉疫情發(fā)生具有季節(jié)性,無傳染性。飼喂保育料的保育豬和飼喂公豬料的種公豬未發(fā)病。本次疫情發(fā)病特征與上次疫情一致。上一次哺乳仔豬腹瀉疫情爆發(fā)后,按照飼料霉菌毒素中毒方案防控,疫情得到有效控制。發(fā)病哺乳仔豬應(yīng)用抗菌藥物和緊急免疫均無明顯療效,按照哺乳仔豬黃痢和豬瘟、豬偽狂犬防控方案無效。玉米及飼料采購來源多變,儲存不合理,眼觀玉米表面灰塵大。臨床癥狀檢查結(jié)果顯示,哺乳仔豬出生重小,小母豬陰門紅腫,吃初乳后開始消化不良,排黃白色凝乳狀稀便,個別哺乳仔豬嘔吐,走路搖晃,站立困難,周身污穢,最后脫水衰竭死亡,死亡率高,應(yīng)用多種抗生素?zé)o效。哺乳母豬母性弱,被毛粗亂,腹背兩側(cè)對稱性脫毛,部分母豬流產(chǎn),產(chǎn)死胎。經(jīng)產(chǎn)母豬淚斑嚴(yán)重,個別母豬跗關(guān)節(jié)、髖關(guān)節(jié)腫脹,蹄冠部蹄裂。育肥豬皮毛灰暗,尿液淺黃,積極啃咬扔進去的石塊和鐵鏈,經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)爬跨、打架等現(xiàn)象。種公豬和保育豬正常。病理剖檢和組織病理學(xué)觀察結(jié)果顯示,哺乳仔豬皮膚污穢,瘦弱,具有脫水體征,雌性哺乳仔豬陰門呈桃紅色,腹股溝淋巴結(jié)充血、出血,胃內(nèi)空虛,胃內(nèi)容物灰白色,乳凝塊如豆渣樣,胃幽門腺區(qū)充血,胃幽門腺區(qū)黏膜脫落,腸道空虛、鼓氣,腸壁菲薄,腸系膜淋巴結(jié)腫大,乳糜管空虛,未見白色淋巴液,肝臟顏色深,油膩感。膽汁濃稠,有顆粒狀沉積,腎臟皮質(zhì)表面有針尖大出血點,腎臟腎乳頭有輕微沉積物血、出血。以上病理剖檢結(jié)果說明哺乳仔豬消化系統(tǒng)遭到嚴(yán)重?fù)p傷。組織病理學(xué)結(jié)果顯示,肝臟S1、S2、S3、S4均有炎細(xì)胞浸潤,肝小葉界限不清。腎可見炎細(xì)胞浸潤,腎小管有些自溶,腎S3、S4較S1、S2炎性細(xì)胞浸潤多。實驗室抗體檢測結(jié)果顯示,該母豬場豬瘟免疫不合格,哺乳母豬免疫抗體水平低,哺乳仔豬受哺乳母豬母源抗體影響,豬瘟抗體水平隨日齡增加而降低。該母豬場偽狂犬疫苗免疫程序合理,哺乳仔豬首次免疫成功,二次免疫后偽狂犬疫苗保護力下降,需要加強免疫,并做好防護隔離等防疫措施。該母豬場豬藍耳病抗體變化符合豬藍耳病穩(wěn)定場變化規(guī)律,說明該母豬場無藍耳病野毒感染。該母豬場豬圓環(huán)病毒2型哺乳母豬免疫成功,仔豬免疫失敗,仔豬隨日齡增加圓環(huán)病毒2型抗體檢陽性率逐漸降低,表明仔豬體內(nèi)存在免疫抑制性疾病。實驗室抗原檢測結(jié)果顯示,4頭仔豬豬流行性腹瀉、豬傳染性胃腸炎和口蹄疫均為抗原陰性反應(yīng),表明該母豬場未發(fā)生豬流行性腹瀉、豬傳染性胃腸炎和豬口蹄疫流行。實驗室玉米和配合飼料6種霉菌毒素的檢測結(jié)果:被檢測樣品中,除黃曲霉毒素B1和赭曲霉毒素A污染程度未超過國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)外,嘔吐毒素、T-2毒素、伏馬毒素污染程度均超過國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。建議該母豬場更換霉變飼料,并盡快做好防控措施,解除霉菌毒素中毒帶來的不良影響。本文通過上述診斷方法及結(jié)果,探討該母豬場本次疫情的爆發(fā)原因及診斷與防治措施,確診該母豬場哺乳仔豬因霉菌毒素中毒而死亡,并通過采取更換優(yōu)質(zhì)飼料、大量補液、保肝護腎等方法,有效的控制住了疫情發(fā)展,達到了調(diào)研吉林省該母豬場哺乳仔豬嚴(yán)重腹瀉防控的目的。
[Abstract]:China is a big pig-raising country. In 2015, China's pork consumption exceeded 57 million tons, accounting for 52% of the world's total pork consumption; in 2016, China's pig market is estimated to be about 590 million, accounting for 51% of the world's total pig market. However, there is still much room for improvement in China's pig industry, including 36 million sows in China's stock market, each of which can breed the year of the sow. All the 15~16 pigs are far from the 25 leading countries in the world. 2015, China's scale pig farms, which are able to produce 500 pigs a year, account for 44% of the total output. In 2009, the scale of farms in the United States in 2009 has exceeded 5000. The proportion of pig farms in China has exceeded the level of pig breeding. The number of sub groups and the reduction of piglet mortality are the top priority..2013~2015 years before and after the Spring Festival, domestic sows, such as Jilin, Jiangxi, Anhui, Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and other places, have a large number of reproductive disorders and other diseases. Lactation piglets and conservation pigs are also suffering from respiratory and digestive diseases, and there are no effective preventive and therapeutic measures. I visited a number of large-scale pig farms and pig farmers in Jilin Province, and selected a representative large-scale sow farm, from the history of disease, epidemiological investigation, clinical symptoms, pathological and histological observation, laboratory analysis and differential diagnosis, comprehensive analysis of the epidemic causes and prevention measures. Epidemiological survey showed that there was no significant history of disease in the sow farm. The outbreak of lactation piglets was seasonal and non infective. The feeding pigs and pigs fed boars were not infected. The incidence of this outbreak coincide with that of the last outbreak. Prevention and control of feed mycotoxins poisoning and effective control of epidemic situation. The application of antibiotics and emergency immunity in lactation piglets had no obvious curative effect. According to suckling piglets yellow dysentery and hog cholera, swine pseudorabies prevention and control program was ineffective. The results showed that suckling piglets had small birth weight, red and swollen pudenda, dyspepsia after colostrum intake, yellowish and white clotted stool, vomiting, shaking, difficult standing, dirty all over the body, and eventually died of dehydration exhaustion, high mortality, ineffective use of a variety of antibiotics. Hair loss, partial sows abortion, stillbirth. Sow * * * is serious, individual sows, joints, joints, swollen joints, hoof and hoof crack. Fattening pig skin is grey, urine is light yellow, actively gnawed and thrown into the stones and chains, and often appears climbing and fighting. Boars and conservation pigs are normal. Pathological examination and histopathological findings are obvious. The results showed that the skin of suckling piglets was dirty, thin and dehydrated. The female suckling piglets had pink vagina, inguinal lymph node congestion, hemorrhage, empty stomach, gray-white gastric contents, milk clot like bean dregs, gastric pyloric gland congestion, gastric pyloric gland mucosa loss, intestinal emptiness, gas, thin intestinal wall, mesenteric lymph node enlargement, chylous duct. There was no white lymph, the liver was dark and greasy. Bile was thick and granular. There was a large bleeding point on the surface of the renal cortex. There was a slight deposit of blood on the renal papilla. The above pathological results showed that the digestive system of suckling piglets was seriously damaged. Inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the kidney, and some autolysis in the renal tubules. Inflammatory cell infiltration was more in kidney S3, S4 than in kidney S1 and S2. Laboratory antibody test results showed that the immunity of swine fever in the sow farm was unqualified, the immune antibody level of suckling sows was low, suckling piglets were affected by maternal antibody of suckling sows, and the antibody level of swine fever increased with age. The vaccination procedure of the sow * * Pseudorabies Vaccine is reasonable. The suckling piglets were immunized successfully for the first time. After the two immunization, the protection of the Pseudorabies Vaccine decreased. * it is necessary to strengthen immunization and do well in the prevention and isolation measures. The antibody changes in the sow farm are in line with the stability of the blue ear disease, indicating that there is no blue ear disease in the sow farm. The sows were vaccinated against sow virus 2 * * *, and the piglets failed to receive immunization. The positive rate of circovirus type 2 was gradually decreased with the age of the piglets, indicating that there were immunosuppressive diseases in piglets. The results of laboratory antigen detection showed that 4 piglets had epidemic diarrhea, transmissible gastroenteritis and foot and mouth disease. All of them were negative for antigen * * *, indicating that there were no swine epidemic diarrhea, transmissible gastroenteritis and Swine Foot and mouth disease in the sow farms. The detection results of 6 mycotoxins in laboratory corn and compound feed: except for aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A, the contamination level of vomit toxin, T-2 toxin and volt were not exceeded that of the national standard. The contamination degree of equine toxin exceeded the national standard. It was suggested that the sow farm should replace mouldy feed and take preventive and control measures as soon as possible to relieve the adverse effects of mycotoxin poisoning. Mycotoxin poisoning and death, through the replacement of high-quality feed, a large number of fluid, liver and kidney protection and other methods, effectively controlled the development of the epidemic, to achieve the investigation of Jilin Province sow farm suckling piglets serious diarrhea prevention and control purposes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S858.28

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本文編號：2197844