【摘要】：本文采用體外產(chǎn)氣法和飼養(yǎng)試驗相結(jié)合的方法,分別研究了不同NDF水平日糧的體外發(fā)酵特性以及對泌乳高峰期奶牛采食行為、瘤胃發(fā)酵和生產(chǎn)性能影響。本研究包括兩個試驗,具體試驗方法和結(jié)果如下所示：試驗一通過在短期人工模擬瘤胃體外培養(yǎng)技術(shù)與動態(tài)產(chǎn)氣實時記錄技術(shù)相結(jié)合的條件下,研究NDF含量分別為25.05%、28.05%、31.22%、34.19%的4種日糧對泌乳高峰期奶牛瘤胃發(fā)酵參數(shù)及產(chǎn)氣量的影響。結(jié)果表明：隨著日糧NDF水平的提高,1)體外培養(yǎng)的IVDMD和GP48線性降低(P0.05)；2)體外發(fā)酵培養(yǎng)液丙酸濃度和丁酸濃度線性降低(P0.05),pH值和乙酸與丙酸的比值線性增加(P0.05),NH3-N濃度有降低的趨勢(P=0.05),而TVFA和MCP濃度逐漸降低,但差異不顯著(P0.05)。試驗二選用8頭泌乳天數(shù)為50±15天的泌乳高峰期荷斯坦奶牛,其中4頭奶牛安裝有永久性瘤胃瘺管,按照重復(fù)4×4拉丁方設(shè)計,研究NDF含量分別為25.05%、28.05%、31.22%和34.19%的4種日糧對泌乳高峰期奶牛采食行為、瘤胃發(fā)酵、血液代謝、營養(yǎng)消化和生產(chǎn)性能的影響。結(jié)果表明：隨著日糧NDF水平的提高,1)DMI線性降低(P0.05),NDF、peNDF8.0、peNDF1.18進(jìn)食量和日采食、反芻、咀嚼時間線性增加(P0.05),DM、NDF、peNDF8.0、peNDF1.18進(jìn)食量的采食時間、反芻時間以及咀嚼時間都有線性增加或先降低后上升的變化(P0.05)；2)瘤胃液pH值、乙酸濃度和乙酸與丙酸的比值線性增加(P0.05),瘤胃液NH3-N、MCP、TVFA、丙酸、丁酸以及乳酸濃度線性降低(P0.05)；3)瘤胃液4種纖維降解酶活性均表現(xiàn)為先升高后降低,其中以28%NDF組活性最高,微晶纖維素酶、羧甲基纖維素酶和木聚糖酶活性無顯著影響(P0.05),而纖維二糖酶呈二次曲線變化(P0.05)；4)瘤胃液產(chǎn)琥珀酸絲狀桿菌、黃色瘤胃球菌和牛糞鏈球菌占總菌的含量線性增加(P0.05)；5)血清GLU、INS濃度線性降低(P0.05),NEFA、BHBA和BUN濃度線性增加(P0.05),TG(P=0.06)和COR(P=0.07)濃度呈線性增加的趨勢,但TC濃度無顯著影響(P0.05)；6)NDF和ADF的表觀消化率線性增加(P0.05)；7)產(chǎn)奶量、乳糖產(chǎn)量、乳蛋白產(chǎn)量和氮利用效率線性降低(P0.05),乳脂率和乳尿素氮濃度線性增加(P0.05),飼料轉(zhuǎn)化效率和乳脂產(chǎn)量呈線性增加的趨勢(P=0.05),乳蛋白率呈線性降低的趨勢(P=0.08),但4%標(biāo)準(zhǔn)乳產(chǎn)量、乳糖率差異不顯著(P0.05)；8)乳中C6：0、C8：0、C10：0、C12：0、C14：0、C14：1和C15：0脂肪酸含量線性降低(P0.05),而C18：0和C18：1n9c脂肪酸含量線性增加(P0.05)。結(jié)論：結(jié)合體外產(chǎn)氣試驗和飼養(yǎng)試驗研究結(jié)果,建議產(chǎn)奶量在40 Kg左右的泌乳高峰期奶牛日糧中NDF需要量為28%。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the in vitro fermentation characteristics of diets with different NDF levels and their effects on feeding behavior, rumen fermentation and production performance of dairy cows during peak lactating period were studied by means of in vitro gas production and feeding experiments. This study includes two experiments. The specific test methods and results are as follows: in experiment one, we combine the technology of in vitro culture of short-term simulated rumen with the real-time recording technology of dynamic gas production. The effects of four diets with NDF content of 25.0528.05 and 31.222.19% on rumen fermentation parameters and gas production of lactating peak cows were studied. The results showed that with the increase of dietary NDF level, IVDMD and GP48 in vitro decreased linearly (P0.05). 2) the concentration of propionic acid and butyric acid decreased linearly (P0.05) and the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid increased linearly (P0.05), while the concentration of TVFA and MCP decreased gradually, but the difference was not significant (P0.05). In experiment 2, 8 Holstein cows with lactation days of 50 鹵15 days were selected, 4 of them were fitted with permanent rumen fistula, and 4 脳 4 Latin square design was used. The effects of four diets with NDF content of 25.0528.05% and 34.19% on feeding behavior, rumen fermentation, blood metabolism, nutrient digestion and production performance of dairy cows were studied. The results showed that: with the increase of dietary NDF level, DMI linearly decreased (P0.05) the intake amount and daily intake of NDF8.0peNDF1.18, ruminant, chewing time increased linearly (P0.05) the intake time of NDF8.0 peNDF8.0peNDF1.18 increased linearly. The rumination time and mastication time increased linearly or decreased first (P0.05), the pH value of rumen fluid, the concentration of acetic acid and the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid increased linearly (P0.05), and the concentration of NH _ 3-NNMCPMCPTVFAA, propionic acid, butyric acid and lactic acid in rumen fluid decreased linearly (P0.05). 3) the four cellulase activities in rumen fluid increased first and then decreased, among which the activity of 28%NDF group was the highest. The activities of microcrystalline cellulase, carboxymethyl cellulase and xylanase were not significantly affected (P0.05), but the cellulase showed a quadratic curve change (P0.05). 4) the contents of filamentous succinate, xanthobacterium and streptococcus faecalis in rumen fluid increased linearly (P0.05). The concentration of GLUINS in serum decreased linearly (P0.05) the concentrations of BUN and BHBA increased linearly (P0.05) TG (P0.06) and COR (P0.07) increased linearly. TC concentration had no significant effect on the apparent digestibility of NDF and ADF (P0.05) and the apparent digestibility of ADF (P0.05) increased linearly (P05) 7) milk yield and lactose yield. Milk protein yield and nitrogen use efficiency decreased linearly (P0.05), milk fat rate and milk urea nitrogen concentration increased linearly (P0.05), feed conversion efficiency and milk fat yield increased linearly (P0. 05), milk protein rate decreased linearly (P0. 08), but 4% standard milk yield. There was no significant difference in lactose rate (P0.05). The content of fatty acids in milk C6: 0, C8: 0, C10: 0, C12: 0, C14: 0, C14: 0, C15: 0 decreased linearly (P0.05), while the contents of C18: 0 and C18:1n9c increased linearly (P0.05). Conclusion: according to the results of in vitro gas production test and feeding experiment, it is suggested that the NDF requirement of dairy cows with milk yield of 40 kg or so should be 28%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S823.5

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本文編號：2186002