【摘要】：關中黑豬是陜西省的優(yōu)良培育豬品種,具有耐粗飼、抗逆性強、肉質細嫩、風味佳等優(yōu)點,但由于其生長速度較慢且瘦肉率低,制約著關中黑豬的產(chǎn)肉量。本試驗以關中黑豬為對象,主要研究性別對生長性能、胴體性狀、肉品質影響,旨在為關中黑豬的飼養(yǎng)管理及推廣提供理論依據(jù)。本試驗選取體重相近的關中黑豬公、母各5頭,公豬在7日齡去勢,公、母豬在相同營養(yǎng)和環(huán)境條件下進行飼養(yǎng)管理,體重達101±4.89kg時屠宰。檢測其生長性能、胴體性狀、肉品質,并對肌肉和脂肪組織形態(tài)學進行分析,同時通過real-time qPCR檢測肉質相關基因的表達。獲得以下主要結果:1.關中黑豬去勢公豬體重自5月齡起顯著高于母豬(P0.05);體長在2月齡和8月齡顯著高于母豬(P0.05);體高和腿臀圍于2月齡和6月齡顯著高于母豬(P0.05);胸圍自6月齡起顯著高于母豬(P0.05)。因此,去勢公豬的生長性能顯著優(yōu)于母豬。2.關中黑豬去勢公豬背膘厚為34.91±5.03mm和脂肪率為44.07±2.19%,均極顯著高于母豬(P0.05);瘦肉率為41.04±1.53%、皮率為7.47±0.44%和骨率為7.06±1.02%,均顯著低于母豬(P0.05)。3.去勢公豬的背最長肌中ω-3多不飽和脂肪酸含量顯著高于母豬(P0.05),必需脂肪酸亞麻酸含量顯著高于母豬(P0.05);去勢公豬必需氨基酸占總量比例顯著高于母豬(P0.05),而鮮味氨基酸占總量比例顯著低于母豬(P0.05)。4.去勢公豬和母豬組織形態(tài)學差異顯著。母豬的背最長肌、半膜肌及內(nèi)收肌的肌纖維面積極顯著大于去勢公豬(P0.01),去勢公豬皮下脂肪細胞的直徑及面積極顯著大于母豬(P0.01)。關中黑豬去勢公豬背最長肌中與成脂相關基因PPARγ、aP2和SCD的相對表達量均顯著或者極顯著高于母豬(P0.05),半膜肌的PPARγ的相對表達量顯著高于母豬(P0.05);去勢公豬背最長肌脂解相關基因ATGL相對表達量顯著低于母豬(P0.05);皮下脂肪的HSL相對表達量顯著低于母豬(P0.05)。綜上所述,關中黑豬的生長性能、胴體性狀、肉品質、肌肉和脂肪組織形態(tài)學及肉質相關基因表達在不同性別間存在顯著差異,去勢公豬生長速度快、成脂能力強、肉品質優(yōu)于母豬,但瘦肉率低于母豬。因此,建議對關中黑豬進行公母分群飼養(yǎng),并對去勢公豬進行適量限飼。
[Abstract]:Guanzhong Black Pig is an excellent breeding pig breed in Shaanxi Province, which has the advantages of high tolerance to coarse feeding, strong resistance to stress, delicate meat quality and good flavor. However, its slow growth rate and low lean meat rate restrict the meat production of Guanzhong Black Pig. In this experiment, Guanzhong Black Pig was used as an object to study the effects of main traits on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality. The aim of this experiment was to provide theoretical basis for raising, managing and popularizing Guanzhong Black Pig. In this experiment, five male and five female black pigs of similar body weight were selected. The male and the sows were castrated at the age of 7 days. The male and the sows were raised and managed under the same nutrition and environment conditions, and slaughtered when the weight was up to 101 鹵4.89kg. Growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, muscle and adipose tissue morphology were analyzed, and the expression of fleshy related genes was detected by real-time qPCR. Get the following main result: 1. The body weight of ovariectomized boars in Guanzhong black pigs was significantly higher than that of sows from the age of 5 months (P0.05); the body length of the ovariectomized boars was significantly higher than that of the sows at the age of 2 months and 8 months (P0.05); the body height and hip circumference of the legs were significantly higher than that of the sows at the age of 2 months and 6 months (P0.05); the body circumference of the castrated boars was significantly higher than that of the sows from the age of 6 months (P0.05). Therefore, the growth performance of ovariectomized boars was significantly better than that of sows. The backfat thickness and fat rate of ovariectomized boars were 34.91 鹵5.03mm and 44.07 鹵2.19, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of sows (P0.05), the lean meat rate was 41.04 鹵1.53, the skin rate was 7.47 鹵0.44% and the bone rate was 7.06 鹵1.020.This was significantly lower than that of sows (P0.05). The content of 蠅 -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the longissimus dorsi muscle of ovariectomized boars was significantly higher than that in sows (P0.05), the content of essential fatty acid linolenic acid in ovariectomized boars was significantly higher than that in sows (P0.05), and the proportion of essential amino acids in ovariectomized boars was significantly higher than that in sows (P0.05). The proportion of acid in total was significantly lower than that in sows (P0.05). 4. There were significant differences in histomorphology between ovariectomized boars and sows. The muscle fiber area of longissimus dorsi, semimembranous muscle and adductor muscle in sows was significantly larger than that in ovariectomized boars (P0.01), and the diameter and area of subcutaneous adipocytes in ovariectomized boars were significantly larger than that in sows (P0.01). The relative expression of fat-forming genes PPAR 緯 AP2 and SCD in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Guanzhong black pig was significantly or extremely higher than that in sows (P0.05), the relative expression of PPAR 緯 in hemimembrane muscle was significantly higher than that in sows (P0.05), and the lipolysis of longissimus dorsi muscle in ovariectomized boar was significantly higher than that in sows (P0.05). The relative expression of ATGL in related gene was significantly lower than that in sows (P0.05), and the relative expression of HSL in subcutaneous fat was significantly lower than that in sows (P0.05). In conclusion, there were significant differences in growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, muscle and fat histomorphology and flesh-related gene expression among different genders in Guanzhong Black Pig. The ovariectomized boars had fast growth rate and strong fat-forming ability. Meat quality was superior to sows, but lean meat percentage was lower than sows. Therefore, it was suggested that the black pigs in Guanzhong should be kept in groups of males and females, and the ovariectomized boars should be kept in appropriate amounts.
【學位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S828

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