【摘要】：柑橘皮渣是柑橘加工過程中的副產(chǎn)物,它具有產(chǎn)量大、富含果膠和各類營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)、難以自然降解等特點(diǎn)。隨著我國(guó)柑橘種植業(yè)和加工業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,產(chǎn)生了大量的柑橘皮渣。采用微生物發(fā)酵手段,從柑橘皮渣中提取果膠,并將果膠提取后的殘余物進(jìn)行固體發(fā)酵生產(chǎn)生物飼料,不僅可以解決由其帶來的環(huán)境污染問題,而且還可以變廢為寶,增加柑橘皮渣的附加價(jià)值。基于上述內(nèi)容,本文主要做了以下幾個(gè)方面的研究：1、以柑橘皮渣為原料,采用水抽提法和微生物發(fā)酵柑橘皮渣法提取柑橘皮渣中的果膠,并對(duì)其提取條件進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。結(jié)果顯示,水抽提法的最佳工藝條件為料液比1：20、提取時(shí)間為60 min、提取溫度為90℃,在該條件下,果膠提取率最高達(dá)到13.2%；微生物發(fā)酵方法提取果膠的最佳工藝條件為接種量10%、發(fā)酵時(shí)間40 h、發(fā)酵溫度36℃、底物pH為7.0、氮源為尿素、氮源添加量為1%,在該條件下,果膠提取率最高可達(dá)到21.5%。2、對(duì)乙醇沉析和鹽(氯化鐵,下同)沉析的工藝條件進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化研究,并檢測(cè)所得果膠產(chǎn)品的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)。結(jié)果表明,乙醇沉析的最佳工藝條件為乙醇溶液濃度為75%、溫度小于45℃、沉析時(shí)間為60 min；鹽沉析的最佳工藝條件為每50 mL果膠提取液使用飽和氯化鐵溶液5 mL、溫度為60℃,沉析時(shí)間為60 min。經(jīng)測(cè)定,所得果膠產(chǎn)品的pH值、灰分含量、干燥失重率、鹽酸不溶物和總半乳糖醛酸含量均符合國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。此外,根據(jù)其酯化度的測(cè)定結(jié)果,所得果膠產(chǎn)品為高酯果膠。3、采用微生物固態(tài)發(fā)酵法處理果膠提取之后的殘余物,進(jìn)行生物飼料的生產(chǎn)。以發(fā)酵產(chǎn)物中粗蛋白含量為指標(biāo),經(jīng)單因素水平實(shí)驗(yàn)和正交分析,確定復(fù)合菌種的最佳配比并優(yōu)化其發(fā)酵條件。結(jié)果顯示,混合菌株中熱帶假絲酵母：木霉：枯草芽孢桿菌的最佳比例為2：2：1,微生物的最佳發(fā)酵條件為溫度30℃,時(shí)間48 h、接種量2%、發(fā)酵基質(zhì)含水率50%、氮源為尿素、氮源添加量為1%時(shí),發(fā)酵產(chǎn)物粗蛋白含量為最高。奶牛喂養(yǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,用發(fā)酵產(chǎn)物部分替代奶牛日糧中的精糧,同對(duì)照相比,奶牛的日產(chǎn)奶量有顯著提高,所產(chǎn)牛奶中乳蛋白含量基本不變。
[Abstract]:Citrus peel residue is a by-product of citrus processing. It has the characteristics of high yield, rich in pectin and various kinds of nutrients, and difficult to degrade naturally. With the rapid development of citrus planting and processing industry in China, a large amount of citrus peel residue has been produced. By means of microbial fermentation, pectin was extracted from citrus peel dregs, and the residue extracted from pectin was fermented in solid state to produce biological feed. It can not only solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by pectin, but also turn waste into treasure. Increase the added value of citrus peel residue. Based on the above contents, this paper mainly studied the following aspects: 1, using citrus peel dregs as raw material, water extraction and microbial fermentation citrus peel dregs were used to extract pectin from citrus peel dregs, and the extraction conditions were optimized. The results showed that the optimum technological conditions of water extraction were as follows: ratio of material to liquid 1: 20, extraction time 60 min, extraction temperature 90 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2167197