【摘要】：本文結合地理信息系統(tǒng)工作原理與方法,以及攝影技術相輔,研究種群空間分布格局。利用Ripley's K函數(shù),在10mxlom的空間尺度上定量分析了4種不同草地利用方式：2012-2015年圍欄放牧刈割實驗的CK(圍封)、放牧、放牧割草、割草樣地,刈割留茬高度為6cm的優(yōu)勢種克氏針茅、羊草、糙隱子草種群的空間格局變化及其隨尺度的變化規(guī)律；用蒙特卡羅(Monte-Carlo)隨機模擬方法估計了h(t)的置信限。研究了不同草地利用方式對典型草原3種優(yōu)勢種種群空間分布格局的影響以及由此引發(fā)的各種群密度的變化,并以放牧和刈割條件下克氏針茅、羊草、糙隱子草種群自身的生物學特性以及生態(tài)適應對策為基礎,進一步探討產(chǎn)生和維持這些格局的機理,為草原的合理利用提供科學依據(jù)。研究結果表明：1.割草樣地中克氏針茅種群在0.50-3.70 m尺度間的聚集程度顯著高于圍封以及放牧樣地,放牧割草樣地中克氏針茅種群在0.60-3.50 m尺度間的聚集程度顯著高于放牧、CK樣地。放牧樣地中克氏針茅種群在0.70-1.60 m尺度間聚集程度顯著高于對照。割草對克氏針茅種群的空間分布格局的影響要更加強于放牧。2.放牧割草樣地中羊草種群在0.80-3.10 m尺度間的聚集程度顯著高于放牧、割草以及圍封樣地,放牧樣地中羊草種群在1.00-3.10 m尺度間聚集程度顯著高于CK以及割草樣地。割草樣地中羊草種群在0-3.10 m尺度間的聚集程度顯著高于對照。這與其生活史特征和種群對放牧以及刈割壓力的生態(tài)適應對策密切相關,放牧對羊草種群的空間分布格局的影響要強于割草。3.放牧樣地中,糙隱子草種群在0-2.90 m尺度間的聚集程度顯著高于放牧割草、割草、CK樣地。放牧割草樣地中,糙隱子草種群在0-1.80 m尺度間聚集程度顯著高于割草、CK樣地。割草樣地中,糙隱子草種群在0.40-1.15m尺度間聚集程度顯著高于對照。這主要是由于放牧與刈割的選擇性不同,放牧對糙隱子草種群的空間分布格局的影響要更加強于割草。4.放牧和割草脅迫下引起種群空間分布格局的變化,其實質(zhì)是各種群為了抵御脅迫,各自在其母體周圍繁殖大量新的植株個體,提高小尺度范圍內(nèi)的種群聚集程度,改變自身形態(tài)和空間分布狀態(tài),來抵御踐踏、采食與刈割。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the spatial distribution pattern of population is studied by combining the principle and method of GIS and photography. Based on the Ripley's K function, this paper quantitatively analyzed the CK (enclosure), grazing grass mowing, mowing sample land and cutting stubble height of Stipa krjabini, which were the dominant species of four different grassland utilization modes: 2012 to 2015, which were fenced grazing experiment in 2012-2015. The cutting stubble height was the dominant species of Stipa Kirschsonii. The spatial pattern of Leymus chinensis population and its variation with scale are studied. The confidence limits of h (t) are estimated by using Monte-Carlo stochastic simulation method. The effects of different grassland utilization patterns on spatial distribution patterns of three dominant groups in typical grassland and the changes of population densities caused by them were studied, and Stipa krjabini and Leymus chinensis were studied under grazing and cutting conditions. On the basis of the biological characteristics and ecological adaptation strategies of the population of Steenopsis scabra, the mechanism of producing and maintaining these patterns was further discussed, which provided scientific basis for the rational utilization of steppe. The results of the study show that 1: 1. The aggregation degree of Stipa krjabini population in the scale of 0.50-3.70 m was significantly higher than that in the enclosed land and grazing land, and the aggregation degree of Stipa krjabini population in the grazing sample land was significantly higher than that in the grazing plot with the scale of 0.60-3.50 m. The agglomeration degree of Stipa Kirschsoni population in the scale of 0.70-1.60 m was significantly higher than that of the control. The effect of mowing on the spatial distribution pattern of Stipa krjabini population was stronger than that of grazing. 2. The agglomeration degree of Leymus chinensis population in the scale of 0.80-3.10 m was significantly higher than that of grazing, mowing and enclosed plots, and the aggregation degree of Leymus chinensis population in the scale of 1.00-3.10 m was significantly higher than that of CK and mower land. The aggregation degree of Leymus chinensis population in the scale of 0-3.10 m was significantly higher than that of the control. This is closely related to the characteristics of its life history and the ecological adaptation of the population to grazing and cutting pressure, and the effect of grazing on the spatial distribution pattern of Leymus chinensis population is stronger than that of mowing. 3. In grazing plots, the aggregation degree of herbaceous populations in 0-2.90 m scale was significantly higher than that in grazing grass mowing CK plots. In grazing mowing plots, the aggregation degree of population in 0-1.80 m scale was significantly higher than that in CK plots. In mowing plots, the aggregation degree of population in the scale of 0.40-1.15m was significantly higher than that of the control. This was mainly due to the difference of grazing and mowing selectivity, and the effect of grazing on spatial distribution pattern of herbage population was stronger than that of mowing. 4. Grazing and mowing stress caused the change of population spatial distribution pattern. In essence, in order to resist stress, a variety of groups propagate a large number of new plant individuals around their mother body to improve the population aggregation in small scale. Change their own form and spatial distribution to resist trampling, forage and cutting.
【學位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S812

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