玉米秸稈葉制粒性能及其制粒機械的試驗研究與分析
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-03 12:39
【摘要】：我國玉米秸稈的產(chǎn)量逐年增加,并已逐步成為第一大農(nóng)作物秸稈。合理利用玉米秸稈資源,既關(guān)系到我國廣大農(nóng)村居民的生活質(zhì)量,也牽涉到農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中土壤肥效、防止環(huán)境污染以及節(jié)約資源等問題,是保障農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要影響因素之一。隨著對秸稈資源有效利用的關(guān)注,對秸稈使用價值的研究也越來越多,玉米秸稈主要由皮、穰、葉組成,其各部分主要化學(xué)及營養(yǎng)成分各不相同,其中玉米秸稈葉粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量相對較高且粗纖維較少,適宜做動物飼料。但玉米秸稈葉堆積密度小,為便于存儲、運輸及飼喂,可將玉米秸稈葉加工成顆粒飼料,為反芻家畜提供營養(yǎng)豐富、質(zhì)優(yōu)價廉的粗飼料。本文通過對玉米秸稈葉進行壓縮試驗,以及平模制粒機的設(shè)計及建模,重點對玉米秸稈葉進行制粒性能的試驗研究,得到的主要研究結(jié)論如下:(1)利用萬能試驗機及自制壓縮裝置進行粉碎后的玉米秸稈葉壓縮試驗,分析含水率(%)、壓縮密度(g/cm3)、加載速度(mm/min)三因素與最大壓縮力之間的關(guān)系,分析結(jié)果表明:含水率、壓縮密度和加載速度三因素對最大壓縮力的影響均極顯著;三因素對最大壓縮力的影響規(guī)律為:含水率越大,最大壓縮力越小;隨著壓縮密度的增加,最大壓縮力先緩慢上升后大幅度上升;隨加載速度的增加,最大壓縮力緩慢增加。壓縮試驗范圍內(nèi),壓縮成型塊仍處于制粒過程的預(yù)壓縮階段,粒子間結(jié)合松散、孔隙率大。(2)基于玉米秸稈葉特性及其壓縮試驗,設(shè)計平模制粒機試驗臺。通過壓縮試驗、制粒預(yù)試驗及理論分析,確定影響玉米秸稈葉制粒性能的主要因素有含水率(%)、�？字睆�(mm,代表模孔長徑比)、主軸轉(zhuǎn)速(r/min)、添加劑配比(%)四因素。本文對以上因素進行試驗研究,優(yōu)化出玉米秸稈葉制粒適宜的工藝組合參數(shù)為:含水率19.95%、�？字睆椒秶鸀�10~12mm、主軸轉(zhuǎn)速211r/min、添加劑配比10.5%。此時,平模制粒機的生產(chǎn)率高于98%,抗破碎性高于99%,成型率大于88%,成型密度大于1.28g/cm3。(3)利用電子掃描顯微鏡對玉米秸稈葉及各影響因素不同水平的條件下壓縮成型的顆粒飼料觀察得出:玉米秸稈葉經(jīng)過壓縮后失去原有細胞結(jié)構(gòu)的微觀形貌,散粒體變形嵌合形成新的微觀形貌,含水率、�？字睆健⒅鬏S轉(zhuǎn)速和添加劑配比均對制粒性能有影響,選擇適宜的含水率、模孔直徑、主軸轉(zhuǎn)速和添加劑配比的制粒條件有利于提高顆粒成型質(zhì)量及密度。(4)利用高速攝像技術(shù)對制粒過程觀察,以及對制粒過程壓輥作用分析,結(jié)合的玉米秸稈葉的特性,本文提出斜槽壓輥結(jié)構(gòu),通過改進壓輥輥槽結(jié)構(gòu)使物料隨壓輥轉(zhuǎn)動時具有向平模圓心處運動趨勢,通過理論計算確定斜槽螺旋角?范圍;并利用EDEM軟件對壓輥工作狀態(tài)進行模擬仿真,驗證壓輥斜槽對物料具有向平模轉(zhuǎn)動軸心的推動作用。本文確定的優(yōu)化參數(shù)能有效的提高玉米秸稈葉顆粒飼料成型質(zhì)量和飼料品質(zhì),提出的斜槽壓輥結(jié)構(gòu),有利于提升制粒機的工作效率并減少模輥的磨損。
[Abstract]:The yield of corn stalks in China has increased year by year, and has gradually become the largest crop straw. The rational use of corn straw resources is not only related to the quality of life of the rural residents in our country, but also related to the soil fertility of the agricultural ecosystem, the prevention of environmental pollution and the conservation of resources, which is important to ensure the sustainable development of agriculture. One of the influencing factors. With the attention to the effective utilization of straw resources, the research on the use value of straw is more and more. The corn straw mainly consists of the skin, the leaves and the leaves. The main chemical and nutritional components of the corn stalk are different, among which the corn straw leaf crude protein, the crude fat content is relatively high and the coarse fiber is less, suitable for animal feed. However, the density of corn stalk leaves is small. In order to facilitate storage, transportation and feeding, corn straw leaves can be processed into granular feed to provide nutritious and cheap coarse fodder for ruminant livestock. The compression test of corn straw and the design and modeling of the flat mold granulator are carried out in this paper. The grain performance of corn straw leaves is focused on. The main research conclusions are as follows: (1) the compression test of corn stalk leaves after crushing with universal testing machine and self-made compression device, analysis of the relationship between water content (%), compression density (g/cm3), loading speed (mm/min) and the maximum compression force, and the analysis results show that water content, compression density and loading speed have been shown. The effect of the three factors on the maximum compression force is very significant; the law of the influence of the three factors on the maximum compression force is that the greater the water content is, the smaller the maximum compression force is, the maximum compression force increases slowly with the increase of the compression density, and the maximum compression force increases slowly with the increase of the loading speed. Compression molding within the compression test range The block is still in the precompression stage of the granulation process, the particles are loosely combined and the porosity is large. (2) based on the characteristics of the corn stalk and the compression test, a flat mold granulator test bed is designed. The main factors affecting the grain performance of the corn stalk are water content (%), the diameter of the mold hole (mm, generation). The ratio of the length to diameter of the surface die, the spindle speed (r/min) and the additive ratio (%) four factors. In this paper, the above factors are studied in this paper. The optimum combination parameters of the corn straw granulation are as follows: the water content is 19.95%, the diameter of the mold hole is 10~12mm, the spindle speed is 211r/ min, and the ratio of the additive to 10.5%. is 10.5%., the productivity of the flat mold granulator is higher than 98% The anti breakability was higher than 99%, the molding rate was more than 88%, the molding density was more than 1.28g/cm3. (3). It was observed that the corn straw leaves and the different influence factors were compressed by the electron scanning microscope. After the compression of the corn straw leaves, the micromorphology of the original cell structure was lost after the compression of the corn stalk leaves, and the deformation and chimerism of the granular body was formed. The new micromorphology, water content, die hole diameter, spindle speed and additive ratio all have influence on the granulating performance. Choosing the appropriate water content, die hole diameter, spindle speed and additive ratio are beneficial to improve the quality and density of particle forming. (4) using high speed camera technology to observe the granulating process and the pressing of granulating process. Roll action analysis, combined with the characteristics of maize straw leaf, this paper puts forward the structure of the inclined groove press roll. By improving the roll groove structure of the roller, the movement trend of the material to the center of the flat die when the material is rotated with the pressure roller, the angle of the helical angle of the inclined slot is determined by the theoretical calculation, and the working state of the roller is simulated by the EDEM software, and the inclined groove of the roller is verified. The optimized parameters of this paper can effectively improve the quality of the corn straw leaf pellet feed and feed quality, and put forward the structure of the inclined groove press roll, which is helpful to improve the working efficiency of the granulator and reduce the wear of the die roll.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S816.9
本文編號：2161777
[Abstract]:The yield of corn stalks in China has increased year by year, and has gradually become the largest crop straw. The rational use of corn straw resources is not only related to the quality of life of the rural residents in our country, but also related to the soil fertility of the agricultural ecosystem, the prevention of environmental pollution and the conservation of resources, which is important to ensure the sustainable development of agriculture. One of the influencing factors. With the attention to the effective utilization of straw resources, the research on the use value of straw is more and more. The corn straw mainly consists of the skin, the leaves and the leaves. The main chemical and nutritional components of the corn stalk are different, among which the corn straw leaf crude protein, the crude fat content is relatively high and the coarse fiber is less, suitable for animal feed. However, the density of corn stalk leaves is small. In order to facilitate storage, transportation and feeding, corn straw leaves can be processed into granular feed to provide nutritious and cheap coarse fodder for ruminant livestock. The compression test of corn straw and the design and modeling of the flat mold granulator are carried out in this paper. The grain performance of corn straw leaves is focused on. The main research conclusions are as follows: (1) the compression test of corn stalk leaves after crushing with universal testing machine and self-made compression device, analysis of the relationship between water content (%), compression density (g/cm3), loading speed (mm/min) and the maximum compression force, and the analysis results show that water content, compression density and loading speed have been shown. The effect of the three factors on the maximum compression force is very significant; the law of the influence of the three factors on the maximum compression force is that the greater the water content is, the smaller the maximum compression force is, the maximum compression force increases slowly with the increase of the compression density, and the maximum compression force increases slowly with the increase of the loading speed. Compression molding within the compression test range The block is still in the precompression stage of the granulation process, the particles are loosely combined and the porosity is large. (2) based on the characteristics of the corn stalk and the compression test, a flat mold granulator test bed is designed. The main factors affecting the grain performance of the corn stalk are water content (%), the diameter of the mold hole (mm, generation). The ratio of the length to diameter of the surface die, the spindle speed (r/min) and the additive ratio (%) four factors. In this paper, the above factors are studied in this paper. The optimum combination parameters of the corn straw granulation are as follows: the water content is 19.95%, the diameter of the mold hole is 10~12mm, the spindle speed is 211r/ min, and the ratio of the additive to 10.5%. is 10.5%., the productivity of the flat mold granulator is higher than 98% The anti breakability was higher than 99%, the molding rate was more than 88%, the molding density was more than 1.28g/cm3. (3). It was observed that the corn straw leaves and the different influence factors were compressed by the electron scanning microscope. After the compression of the corn straw leaves, the micromorphology of the original cell structure was lost after the compression of the corn stalk leaves, and the deformation and chimerism of the granular body was formed. The new micromorphology, water content, die hole diameter, spindle speed and additive ratio all have influence on the granulating performance. Choosing the appropriate water content, die hole diameter, spindle speed and additive ratio are beneficial to improve the quality and density of particle forming. (4) using high speed camera technology to observe the granulating process and the pressing of granulating process. Roll action analysis, combined with the characteristics of maize straw leaf, this paper puts forward the structure of the inclined groove press roll. By improving the roll groove structure of the roller, the movement trend of the material to the center of the flat die when the material is rotated with the pressure roller, the angle of the helical angle of the inclined slot is determined by the theoretical calculation, and the working state of the roller is simulated by the EDEM software, and the inclined groove of the roller is verified. The optimized parameters of this paper can effectively improve the quality of the corn straw leaf pellet feed and feed quality, and put forward the structure of the inclined groove press roll, which is helpful to improve the working efficiency of the granulator and reduce the wear of the die roll.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S816.9
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