【摘要】：秸稈在微生物發(fā)酵處理過程中,能夠降解其內(nèi)的粗纖維類物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閯?dòng)物體容易消化吸收的小分子類化合物,并利用NPN合成菌體蛋白,提高秸稈的蛋白質(zhì)含量。同時(shí),還能產(chǎn)生消化酶、未知促生長(zhǎng)因子等多種微生物代謝產(chǎn)物,提高飼料的適口性,改善秸稈飼料的營養(yǎng)價(jià)值,從而促進(jìn)肉羊生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育。目前為止,關(guān)于發(fā)酵玉米秸稈在肉羊上的應(yīng)用很多,但是對(duì)適口性的提高,以及發(fā)酵后蛋白含量提高到12%以上,并能替代部分蛋白飼料,以降低其使用量還鮮有報(bào)道。本試驗(yàn)通過飼喂添加不同比例的微生物發(fā)酵秸稈,與飼喂傳統(tǒng)的青貯秸稈作比較,研究其對(duì)小尾寒羊生產(chǎn)性能、營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)表觀消化率的影響,旨在探討微生物發(fā)酵秸稈替代部分蛋白飼料在肉羔羊上的促生長(zhǎng)作用,以期達(dá)到降低飼養(yǎng)成本,提高飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率,進(jìn)而為解決糧食短缺問題提供科學(xué)的理論依據(jù)。為研究發(fā)酵秸稈最適宜的添加比例,本試驗(yàn)設(shè)置4個(gè)處理組和1個(gè)對(duì)照組(微生物發(fā)酵秸稈的比例分別為25%、50%、75%、100%和0%),將80只育成小尾寒羊隨機(jī)分為5組,每組16只,飼養(yǎng)期為3期,每期20天。飼喂結(jié)束后,每組選取4只進(jìn)行消化代謝試驗(yàn),研究其對(duì)肉羊生產(chǎn)性能及營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)表觀消化率的影響。結(jié)果表明,5組小尾寒羊的初始重和末重、平均日增重、料肉比、屠宰率和凈肉率無顯著差異(P0.05)。對(duì)于營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)消化代謝率分析,75%、100%添加組食入總能和糞能與對(duì)照組相比差異不顯著(P0.05);各組間尿能、消化能、代謝能、總能消化率和總能代謝率差異不顯著(P0.05)。25%和50%處理組食入氮水平比對(duì)照組分別降低了28.18%(P0.05)、30.86%(P0.05),75%、100%處理組食入氮水平與對(duì)照組無顯著差異(P0.05);除75%添加組外,各組糞氮水平分別比對(duì)照組降低了20.74%(P0.05),41.48%(P0.05)和11.82%(P0.05);75%與100%處理組的沉積氮水平與對(duì)照組相比有微幅增加,但差異不顯著(P0.05),各組尿氮、氮的消化率與對(duì)照組差異不顯著(P0.05)。各處理組小尾寒羊的干物質(zhì)、粗脂肪、NDF和ADF的表觀消化率與對(duì)照組差異不顯著(P0.05),但鈣、磷水平25%添加組顯著低于對(duì)照組和100%添加組(P0.05),其它各組與對(duì)照組相比差異不顯著(P0.05)�？傮w來講,添加75%的微生物發(fā)酵秸稈具有最適宜的能量代謝水平和氮代謝水平,提高凈增重、屠宰率和凈肉率,且能產(chǎn)生最高的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。
[Abstract]:In the process of microbial fermentation, straw can degrade the crude fiber in the straw into small molecular compounds which are easily digested and absorbed by the animal, and synthesize the bacterial protein by NPN to increase the protein content of the straw. At the same time, many kinds of microbial metabolites, such as digestive enzymes and unknown growth promoting factors, can be produced to improve the palatability of feed and the nutritional value of straw feed, thus promoting the growth and development of meat sheep. Up to now, there are a lot of applications of fermented corn straw in meat sheep, but the improvement of palatability and the increase of protein content to more than 12% after fermentation can replace some protein feed to reduce its usage. The effect of microbial fermentation straw on the performance and apparent digestibility of small tail Han sheep was studied by comparing it with traditional silage straw. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of microbial fermentation straw on the growth of meat and lamb in order to reduce the feeding cost, improve the feed conversion rate and provide a scientific theoretical basis for solving the problem of food shortage. In order to study the most suitable proportion of fermented straw, four treatment groups and one control group were set up in this experiment (the proportion of microbial fermentation straw was 2550% and 7575%, 100% and 0% respectively). 80 small tail Han sheep were randomly divided into 5 groups, 16 in each group, and the feeding period was 3. Each period is 20 days. At the end of feeding, four sheep in each group were selected for digestion and metabolism test to study their effects on the performance and apparent digestibility of nutrients in meat sheep. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the initial weight and the end weight, average daily gain, feed to meat ratio, slaughter rate and net meat rate of the five groups of small tail Han sheep (P0.05). There was no significant difference in total energy and fecal energy between 75% and 100% group compared with the control group (P0.05), urine energy, digestibility energy, metabolic energy among the groups were not significantly different from those in the control group (P0.05), and there was no significant difference in total energy and fecal energy between the two groups (P0.05). There was no significant difference in total energy digestibility and total energy metabolism rate between the treatment group and the control group (P0.05) .25% and 50%, respectively, which were 28.18% (P0.05), 30.86% (P0.05) and 30.86% (P0.05) respectively. There was no significant difference between the treatment group and the control group (P0.05), except for the 75% addition group, there was no significant difference between the treatment group and the control group (P0.05). Compared with the control group, the fecal nitrogen levels in each group were reduced by 20.74% (P0.05) and 11.82% (P0.05) respectively, and the sediment nitrogen levels in the treatment group were slightly higher than those in the control group (P0.05), but the difference was not significant (P0.05), and the digestibility of urinary nitrogen and nitrogen in each group was not significantly different from that in the control group (P0.05). The apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude fat NDF and ADF in the small tail Han sheep of each treatment group was not significantly different from that of the control group (P0.05), but the calcium and phosphorus levels of 25% added group were significantly lower than those of the control group and 100% addition group (P0.05), and the other groups had no significant difference compared with the control group (P0.05). In general, the addition of 75% microbial fermentation straw had the most suitable energy metabolism level and nitrogen metabolism level, increased net weight gain, slaughter rate and net meat rate, and could produce the highest economic benefit.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S826.5

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