【摘要】：松嫩草原是我國畜牧業(yè)發(fā)展的重要區(qū)域之一,近些年來受人為干擾影響,草場退化日益嚴重。在松嫩草原廣泛分布的藍藻結(jié)皮,因具有重要生態(tài)功能而備受關(guān)注。本文以松嫩羊草草原廣泛分布的羊草(Leymus chinensis)群落、星星草(Puccinellia tenuiflora)群落、虎尾草(Chloris virgata)群落、堿蒿(Artemisia anethifolia)群落、角堿蓬(Suaeda corniculata)群落以及群落下生長的藍藻結(jié)皮、堿斑環(huán)境下的藻結(jié)皮為研究對象,重點研究種子植物對藻結(jié)皮中藍藻種類組成的影響,藻結(jié)皮對種子植物定居、生長的影響,并探究其機理。研究內(nèi)容包括以下幾個方面:松嫩羊草草原不同植物群落類型覆蓋下藻結(jié)皮中藍藻種類組成鑒定;通過野外調(diào)查及室內(nèi)模擬研究藻結(jié)皮對種子植物定居及其生長的影響;藍藻結(jié)皮化感液對種子萌發(fā)的影響。本次研究結(jié)果表明:不同地上植物群落類型覆蓋下生長的藻結(jié)皮中藍藻種類共34種,屬于8科11屬。具鞘微鞘藻(Microcoleus vaginatus)為廣布種和優(yōu)勢種。不同種類種子植物群落覆蓋下生長的藻結(jié)皮中藍藻種類組成差別較大;自然條件下,藻結(jié)皮的存在抑制多年生植物羊草、星星草的定居,而有利于一年生植物堿蒿、虎尾草、角堿蓬的定居,分析原因與結(jié)皮影響土壤表面對種子的捕獲能力有關(guān)。結(jié)皮存在增加土壤養(yǎng)分,有利于種子植物生長;通過室內(nèi)模擬實驗證明結(jié)皮的存在抑制種子植物種子的出苗,但結(jié)皮對植株株高、光合色素含量、生物量具有促進作用;不同植物群落類型下生長的藻結(jié)皮的化感液對不同種植物種子的發(fā)芽率影響不同,多數(shù)促進種子植物株高生長(角堿蓬除外),并有利于生物量的積累(星星草、虎尾草除外)。本次研究探討了松嫩草原藻結(jié)皮與種子植物之間的關(guān)系,對草原生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中藻結(jié)皮生態(tài)功能的研究具有理論意義。
[Abstract]:Songnen grassland is one of the most important areas in the development of animal husbandry in China. Cyanobacteria crusts, which are widely distributed in Songnen grassland, have attracted much attention because of their important ecological functions. In this paper, (Leymus chinensis) community, (Puccinellia tenuiflora) community, (Chloris virgata) community, (Artemisia anethifolia) community, (Suaeda corniculata) community and cyanobacteria crusts of Leymus chinensis were widely distributed in Leymus chinensis grassland. The effect of seed plants on the species composition of cyanobacteria in algal crust, the effect of algal crust on the settlement and growth of seed plants, and its mechanism were studied. The contents of the study include the following aspects: identification of cyanobacteria species in algal crust covered by different plant community types of Leymus Songnen Leymus chinensis grassland the effects of algal crust on settlement and growth of seed plants were studied through field investigation and laboratory simulation. Effect of cyanobacteria allelopathy on seed germination. The results showed that there were 34 species of cyanobacteria growing under different aboveground plant community types, belonging to 8 families, 11 genera. (Microcoleus vaginatus) is a widespread and dominant species. The species composition of cyanobacteria in the algal crust grown under the cover of different species of seed plant communities is quite different. Under natural conditions, the existence of algal crust inhibits the settlement of perennial plant Leymus chinensis and puccinellia tenuifolia, but is beneficial to annual plant alkaloids and Saxifraga. The settlement of Suaeda salsa was related to the effect of crust on the seed capture ability of soil surface. The results of laboratory simulation showed that the presence of crust could inhibit the emergence of seed plants, but it could promote plant height, photosynthetic pigment content and biomass. The allelopathic solution of algal bark grown under different plant community types had different effects on the germination rate of different plant seeds. Most of them promoted the growth of plant height (except Suaeda salsa) and the accumulation of biomass (except puccinellia and Saxifraga). In this study, the relationship between algal crust and seed plants in Songnen grassland was discussed, which was of theoretical significance to the study of the ecological function of algal crust in grassland ecosystem.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S812

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