荒漠草原不同群落類型土壤活性有機碳組分特征研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-25 19:36
【摘要】：寧夏東部荒漠草原是我國典型的生態(tài)脆弱區(qū),受地理位置和惡略氣候條件的影響,致使該區(qū)域土壤貧瘠、植被多樣性匱乏。草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)土壤物質(zhì)循環(huán)和能量流動過程很大程度上受土壤碳庫平衡的影響,因此土壤碳庫特別是活性碳及其組分的研究對評價荒漠草原植被恢復(fù)效益、促進區(qū)域生態(tài)平衡具有重要意義。本研究選取四種不同植物群落為研究對象,研究不同群落類型土壤不同生境、不同土層有機碳及其活性組分、土壤理化性質(zhì)以及土壤酶活性,并通過典型相關(guān)分析和簡單相關(guān)分析來探討土壤有機碳及其活性組分與酶活性之間的關(guān)系。主要研究結(jié)論如下:(1)不同群落類型土壤物理性質(zhì)在不同生境(冠下,叢間)、不同土層(0-5、5-10、10-15cm)間未表現(xiàn)出顯著差異,土壤化學性質(zhì)指標(全氮、全磷和速效養(yǎng)分指標)隨著土層深度的增加呈降低趨勢即“表聚性”較為明顯;在同一土層深度土壤理化性質(zhì)在群落不同生境表現(xiàn)為:冠下叢間,體現(xiàn)了群落植物特殊空間形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)特征對土壤養(yǎng)分蓄積的貢獻作用。(2)不同群落類型土壤有機碳及其活性組分在群落不同生境,不同土層深度間的分布特征表現(xiàn)出差異性;土壤有機碳(SOC)、微生物量碳(MBC)和易氧化有機碳(EOC)在灌木(檸條,沙蒿)群落同一土層深度表現(xiàn)為:冠下叢間,且隨土層深度的增加而降低,而草本(短花針茅,蒙古冰草)群落在兩種生境下則隨土層深度的增加呈“V”形變化趨勢,不同群落土壤可溶性有機碳(DOC)含量則與之相反,表明土壤活性有機碳含量很大程度上取決于土壤有機碳含量的高低;整體上灌木群落土壤有機碳及其活性組分含量高于草本群落、這與群落捕獲枯落物,強化碳源輸入的能力以及根系分布特征有著密切關(guān)系。(3)不同群落類型土壤微生物量熵在灌木(檸條,沙蒿)群落冠下顯著(P0.05)高于叢間,且在兩種生境下隨土層深度的增加而降低;灌木群落土壤有機碳活度在兩種生境下隨土層深度的增加而降低,且冠下叢間,而草本(短花針茅,蒙古冰草)群落土壤有機碳活度則在冠下隨土層深度的加深呈“V”字形變化趨勢,在叢間隨土層深度的增加而降低。不同群落類型土壤有機碳活度范圍為0.05-0.147,這與荒漠草原土壤活性有機碳含量較低,轉(zhuǎn)化速率相對較慢有關(guān)。(4)不同群落類型土壤蔗糖酶活性在兩種生境(冠下,叢間)下的分布特征具有一致性,即隨土層深度的增加而降低。土壤脲酶活性在不同群落生境處均表現(xiàn)為:冠下叢間。油蒿、短花針茅和蒙古冰草群落土壤堿性磷酸酶在兩種生境下隨土層深度的增加而顯著降低(P0.05),而檸條群落則與之相反。土壤酶活性在群落不同生境、不同土層間的差異性說明土壤酶對于群落微土壤環(huán)境變化的響應(yīng)較為敏感。(5)土壤活性有機碳與酶活性及土壤性質(zhì)的典范分析表明:土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶活性的高低受土壤MBC、DOC含量大小影響顯著,受土壤EOC的影響不明顯;土壤全磷、速效磷含量的大小顯著影響堿性磷酸酶的活性。簡單相關(guān)分析表明,土壤有機碳活性組分受土壤理化性質(zhì)和酶活性的影響較大,而土壤養(yǎng)分對酶活性的變化影響程度的大小與養(yǎng)分的種類有關(guān),但各養(yǎng)分均與酶活性顯著相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:The desert grassland in the eastern part of Ningxia is a typical ecological fragile area in China, which is affected by geographical location and bad climate conditions, resulting in the poor soil and lack of vegetation diversity. The soil carbon storage and energy flow process in the grassland ecosystem are largely influenced by the balance of soil carbon pool, so the soil carbon pool is especially active carbon and its soil carbon pool. The study of components is of great significance to evaluating the benefit of vegetation restoration in desert grassland and promoting regional ecological balance. In this study, four different plant communities were selected as the research objects, and the soil organic carbon and its active components in different soil layers, soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activity were studied in different community types. Analysis and simple correlation analysis to explore the relationship between soil organic carbon and its active components and enzyme activities. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) there is no significant difference in soil physical properties between different habitats (under crowns, interplexuses) and different soil layers (0-5,5-10,10-15cm), and the soil chemical properties (total nitrogen, total phosphorus and quick effect) With the increase of soil depth, the trend of "surface accumulation" is more obvious, and the physical and chemical properties of soil depth in the same soil layer are manifested in the different habitats of the community: the special spatial morphological and structural characteristics of the community plants represent the contribution to the accumulation of soil nutrients. (2) the soil organic carbon in different community types and the different types of soil organic carbon, The distribution characteristics of the active components in different habitats of the community are different. Soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and oxidizable organic carbon (EOC) in shrubs (Caragana Caragana, Artemisia Artemisia) community are in the same depth as the same soil layer, which decreases with the increase of soil depth, while herb (Stipa short, Mongolia ice grass) The community in two habitats showed a "V" change trend with the increase of soil depth, and the content of soil soluble organic carbon (DOC) in different communities was the opposite, indicating that the content of soil active organic carbon was largely determined by the content of soil organic carbon, and the content of soil organic carbon and its active components in the whole tree community was higher than that of grass. This community has a close relationship with the colony's capture of litter, the ability to strengthen the input of carbon source and the characteristics of the root distribution. (3) the soil microbial biomass entropy in the shrubs (Caragana Caragana, Artemisia Artemisia) community is significantly higher than that of the shrub (P0.05), and decreases with the increase of soil depth in the two habitats; the soil organic carbon activity in the shrub community The degree of soil organic carbon activity in the herbaceous (Stipa short and Mongolia ice grass) community was "V", which decreased with the depth of soil layer under the crown, and the soil organic carbon activity range of different community types was 0.05-0.14. 7, the content of active organic carbon in the desert grassland is relatively low and the conversion rate is relatively slow. (4) the distribution characteristics of invertase activity under the two habitats (under the crown, interplexus) of different community types are consistent, that is, with the increase of soil depth. Soil alkaline phosphatase in Artemisia Artemisia, Stipa short and Mongolia ice grass communities decreased significantly in two habitats (P0.05), while Caragana community was opposite. The difference between soil enzyme activity in different habitats and different soil layers showed that soil enzyme was sensitive to the response of soil microsoil environment change. (5) soil The model analysis of active organic carbon and enzyme activity and soil properties showed that the activity of soil invertase and urease was significantly affected by the content of soil MBC, DOC, and not affected by soil EOC; the total phosphorus and the content of available phosphorus significantly affected the viability of alkaline phosphatase. Simple correlation analysis showed that the active component of soil organic carbon was the simple correlation analysis. The influence of soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activity is great, and the influence degree of soil nutrient on the activity of enzyme is related to the species of nutrient, but the nutrients are significantly related to the enzyme activity.
【學位授予單位】：寧夏大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S812.2
本文編號：2144857
[Abstract]:The desert grassland in the eastern part of Ningxia is a typical ecological fragile area in China, which is affected by geographical location and bad climate conditions, resulting in the poor soil and lack of vegetation diversity. The soil carbon storage and energy flow process in the grassland ecosystem are largely influenced by the balance of soil carbon pool, so the soil carbon pool is especially active carbon and its soil carbon pool. The study of components is of great significance to evaluating the benefit of vegetation restoration in desert grassland and promoting regional ecological balance. In this study, four different plant communities were selected as the research objects, and the soil organic carbon and its active components in different soil layers, soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activity were studied in different community types. Analysis and simple correlation analysis to explore the relationship between soil organic carbon and its active components and enzyme activities. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) there is no significant difference in soil physical properties between different habitats (under crowns, interplexuses) and different soil layers (0-5,5-10,10-15cm), and the soil chemical properties (total nitrogen, total phosphorus and quick effect) With the increase of soil depth, the trend of "surface accumulation" is more obvious, and the physical and chemical properties of soil depth in the same soil layer are manifested in the different habitats of the community: the special spatial morphological and structural characteristics of the community plants represent the contribution to the accumulation of soil nutrients. (2) the soil organic carbon in different community types and the different types of soil organic carbon, The distribution characteristics of the active components in different habitats of the community are different. Soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and oxidizable organic carbon (EOC) in shrubs (Caragana Caragana, Artemisia Artemisia) community are in the same depth as the same soil layer, which decreases with the increase of soil depth, while herb (Stipa short, Mongolia ice grass) The community in two habitats showed a "V" change trend with the increase of soil depth, and the content of soil soluble organic carbon (DOC) in different communities was the opposite, indicating that the content of soil active organic carbon was largely determined by the content of soil organic carbon, and the content of soil organic carbon and its active components in the whole tree community was higher than that of grass. This community has a close relationship with the colony's capture of litter, the ability to strengthen the input of carbon source and the characteristics of the root distribution. (3) the soil microbial biomass entropy in the shrubs (Caragana Caragana, Artemisia Artemisia) community is significantly higher than that of the shrub (P0.05), and decreases with the increase of soil depth in the two habitats; the soil organic carbon activity in the shrub community The degree of soil organic carbon activity in the herbaceous (Stipa short and Mongolia ice grass) community was "V", which decreased with the depth of soil layer under the crown, and the soil organic carbon activity range of different community types was 0.05-0.14. 7, the content of active organic carbon in the desert grassland is relatively low and the conversion rate is relatively slow. (4) the distribution characteristics of invertase activity under the two habitats (under the crown, interplexus) of different community types are consistent, that is, with the increase of soil depth. Soil alkaline phosphatase in Artemisia Artemisia, Stipa short and Mongolia ice grass communities decreased significantly in two habitats (P0.05), while Caragana community was opposite. The difference between soil enzyme activity in different habitats and different soil layers showed that soil enzyme was sensitive to the response of soil microsoil environment change. (5) soil The model analysis of active organic carbon and enzyme activity and soil properties showed that the activity of soil invertase and urease was significantly affected by the content of soil MBC, DOC, and not affected by soil EOC; the total phosphorus and the content of available phosphorus significantly affected the viability of alkaline phosphatase. Simple correlation analysis showed that the active component of soil organic carbon was the simple correlation analysis. The influence of soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activity is great, and the influence degree of soil nutrient on the activity of enzyme is related to the species of nutrient, but the nutrients are significantly related to the enzyme activity.
【學位授予單位】：寧夏大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S812.2
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，本文編號：2144857
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