【摘要】：本論文采用抽穗期的新疆小蘆葦為青貯原料,試驗(yàn)設(shè)甲醛添加組和未添加甲醛組兩種處理,青貯時間為50天,每個組再分成兩個小組,第一組是貯存50 d后,一直開封,在此過程中分別在開封后的第0、3、8、15、20 d取樣;第二組是貯存50 d后,分別在開封后的第0、3、8、15、20 d開封,每次開封時間為30 min,并在此過程中取樣后封口;然后對樣品的發(fā)酵品質(zhì)、營養(yǎng)成分、微生物菌落總數(shù)進(jìn)行分析,探索出新疆小蘆葦青貯飼料在甲醛添加和未添加甲醛條件下二次發(fā)酵的變化規(guī)律及其最佳的抑制方法,為廣大農(nóng)牧民提供科學(xué)利用新疆小蘆葦?shù)姆椒ā＝Y(jié)果表明:隨著貯后開封時間的延長,在未添加甲醛處理組中,進(jìn)行開封30min/d處理的新疆小蘆葦青貯飼料在貯后感官評定指標(biāo)上優(yōu)于一直開封處理組,并且在pH值、氨態(tài)氮濃度上比一直開封處理組低,兩個組之間有極顯著差異(P0.01);在添加甲醛處理組中,開封30min/d處理的新疆小蘆葦青貯飼料二次發(fā)酵在貯后感官評定的指標(biāo)最為理想,這兩個組之間差異顯著(P0.05);添加甲醛處理與未添加甲醛處理兩個大組相互比較,添加甲醛組的感官評定指標(biāo)及pH值、氨態(tài)氮濃度更為理想,兩組之間pH值、氨態(tài)氮濃度差異極顯著(P0.01)。各處理組乳酸含量均下降,乙酸和丁酸含量均呈上升趨勢。添加甲醛且開封30 min/d處理組的乳酸含量最高,丁酸含量最低。從主要營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)來看,甲醛添加及貯后不同開封方式的新疆小蘆葦青貯飼料DM、CP、Ca、P含量隨貯存時間的延長均呈下降趨勢;而Ash、EE的含量呈現(xiàn)較穩(wěn)定的狀態(tài);NDF和ADF含量隨貯存時間的延長均呈上升趨勢。總之,甲醛添加及貯后不同開封方式對新疆小蘆葦青貯飼料二次發(fā)酵的營養(yǎng)成分有一定的影響。添加甲醛及貯后定期開封30 min/d處理是能有效防止新疆小蘆葦青貯飼料二次發(fā)酵過程中營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的損失。從主要微生物菌落總數(shù)的變化來看,乳酸菌在添加甲醛且定期開封30 min/d處理組的菌落數(shù)最高,隨著貯后開封時間的延長呈緩慢降低的趨勢;酵母菌、霉菌在未添加甲醛且貯后一直開封處理組的菌落數(shù)最高,隨著貯后開封時間的延長呈緩慢升高的趨勢。總之,添加甲醛能有效抑制新疆小蘆葦半干青貯飼料二次發(fā)酵。無論添加甲醛與否,開封30min/d的方式比一直開封的方式更能有效降低新疆小蘆葦半干青貯飼料二次發(fā)酵的速度。
[Abstract]:In this paper, Xinjiang small Reed at heading stage was used as silage material. Two treatments, formaldehyde added group and no formaldehyde group, were set up in the experiment. The silage time was 50 days. Each group was divided into two groups. The first group was stored for 50 days, and the first group was kept open for 50 days. In this process, the samples were taken at the 0 ~ 3N ~ (8) C ~ (8) C ~ (-1) 1520 d after Kaifeng, respectively. In the second group, after 50 days of storage, they were opened for 30 min each time, and then the fermentation quality of the sample was obtained, then the fermentation quality of the sample was obtained, and the fermentative quality of the sample was obtained. The nutrient composition and the total number of microbial colonies were analyzed to find out the change rule of secondary fermentation and the best inhibition method of the silage of small Reed silage in Xinjiang under the condition of adding formaldehyde and not adding formaldehyde. For the majority of farmers and herdsmen to provide a scientific use of the small Reed in Xinjiang. The results showed that, with the prolongation of opening time after storage, the sensory evaluation index of Xinjiang Reed silage treated with 30min/d was better than that of the untreated group, and the pH value of the silage was higher than that of the untreated group. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen was lower than that of the untreated group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P0.01). In the group of adding formaldehyde, the index of the secondary fermentation of Xinjiang Reed silage treated with Kaifeng 30min/d was the most ideal after the storage, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P0.01). There was significant difference between the two groups (P0.05). The sensory evaluation index and pH value of formaldehyde added group were better than those of the control group, and the pH value between the two groups was higher than that of the control group. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen was significantly different (P0.01). The content of lactic acid decreased and the content of acetic acid and butyric acid increased in each treatment group. The content of lactic acid was the highest and the content of butyric acid was the lowest in the group treated with formaldehyde for 30 min/d. From the point of view of the main nutrients, the content of CP-CaOP in Xinjiang Reed silage with different ways of opening was decreased with the prolongation of storage time. However, the content of Ashfen EE was stable and the contents of NDF and ADF increased with the prolongation of storage time. In a word, the nutrient composition of the secondary fermentation of Xinjiang Reed silage was influenced by the different ways of opening the silage after adding formaldehyde and after storage. Adding formaldehyde and opening it regularly for 30 min/d after storage could effectively prevent the loss of nutrients in the secondary fermentation of Xinjiang Reed silage. From the change of the total number of main microorganism colonies, the number of lactic acid bacteria was the highest in the group of adding formaldehyde and opening for 30 min/d regularly, and the number of colonies decreased slowly with the prolongation of opening time after storage. The colony number of fungi was the highest in the untreated group without formaldehyde and was increased slowly with the prolongation of the opening time after storage. In short, formaldehyde can effectively inhibit the secondary fermentation of Xinjiang Reed semi-dry silage. No matter whether formaldehyde was added or not, the rate of secondary fermentation of semi-dry silage in Xinjiang reeds could be reduced more effectively by the way of 30min/d in Kaifeng than that in the past.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S816.53

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