【摘要】：雞大腸桿菌病是由大腸埃希氏菌的某些血清型菌株引起一類傳染病的總稱。本病既可通過種蛋垂直傳播,也可通過被大腸桿菌污染的飼料、飲水、空氣經(jīng)消化道和呼吸道感染,由于感染途徑不同,臨床上可引起急性敗血癥、氣囊炎、心包炎、肝周炎、輸卵管炎、卵黃性腹膜炎、關節(jié)炎、肉芽腫、死胚、腸炎、腦炎、眼炎等許多病型。近幾年來,隨著我國集約化養(yǎng)雞業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展,其發(fā)病也日趨嚴重,危害也越來越明顯,目前已成為危害我國養(yǎng)雞業(yè)發(fā)展的重要疾病之一,能否有效防治雞大腸桿菌病,己成為決定養(yǎng)雞業(yè)成敗的關鍵問題。由于大腸桿菌極易產生耐藥性,隨著大量高效抗菌藥物的普遍應用和耐藥性的產生,使得藥物治療大腸桿菌病的效果越來越差。因此研制有效的疫苗來預防雞大腸桿菌病,越來越受到重視并被廣泛的采用。由于雞致病性大腸桿菌抗原結構復雜,血清型眾多,不同血清型菌株之間缺乏完全交叉保護,加之不同地區(qū)的優(yōu)勢血清型又存在很大的差異,很難研制一種對全國各地雞大腸桿菌病都有預防作用的疫苗,給本病的免疫防制帶來了較大困難。目前被廣泛采用的方法是研制現(xiàn)地多價疫苗,現(xiàn)地應用,實踐證明,應用這種方法收到了很好的免疫效果。我們從山東省聊城、菏澤、諸城、濰坊、煙臺、濟寧等地區(qū)進行禽大腸桿菌流行病學調查,成功分離到了130株大腸桿菌,血清學結果表明,分離的大腸桿菌分屬13個血清型,分別為O78、O1、O2、O38、O88、O9、O24、O127、O15、O82、O35、O18、O114,占所分離大腸桿菌菌株的92.3%;未定型分離株10株,占7.7%。其中,O78、O1、O2為優(yōu)勢血清型,其中O78型40株,O1型21株,O2型15株,分別占所分離菌株的30.8%、16.2%、11.5%。我們進行動物回歸試驗,挑選選出毒力強的O1、O2、O78禽大腸桿菌菌株進行毒力試驗,篩選出毒力強、免疫原性好的O1型QL-003株、O2型QL-035株、O78型QL-057株做為制苗用菌種進行三價疫苗的制備。我們進行了禽大腸桿菌O1型QL-003株、O2型QL-035株、O78型QL-057株生產工藝研究、毒力及免疫原性試驗,以此為基礎,制備禽大腸桿菌三價滅活疫苗,并進行了疫苗性狀、無菌、安全、效力、甲醛、汞類防腐劑殘留量測定等檢驗,結果均合格。將3批疫苗免疫后2個月、4個月、6個月進行攻毒,對O1型O78型QL-057株、O2型QL-035株和O78型QL-057株的攻毒保護率均不低于80%(8/10),對照雞均100%(10/10)發(fā)病,表明我們研制的3價滅活疫苗免疫期至少為6個月。
[Abstract]:Escherichia coli is a kind of infectious disease caused by some serotype strains of Escherichia coli. The disease can be transmitted vertically by breeding eggs, or through food contaminated by E. coli, drinking water and air through digestive tract and respiratory tract infections. Because of the different routes of infection, it can cause acute septicemia, airbag inflammation, pericarditis, and pericarditis. Salpingitis, yolk peritonitis, arthritis, granuloma, dead embryo, enteritis, encephalitis, ophthalmitis and many other diseases. In recent years, with the rapid development of intensive chicken industry in China, the incidence of chicken disease is becoming more and more serious, and the harm is becoming more and more obvious. At present, it has become one of the important diseases that endanger the development of chicken industry in China. Has become the key to determine the success or failure of the chicken industry. As Escherichia coli is easy to develop drug resistance, with the widespread use of a large number of highly effective antimicrobial agents and the emergence of drug resistance, the efficacy of drugs in the treatment of Escherichia coli is getting worse and worse. Therefore, more and more attention has been paid to the development of effective vaccine to prevent chicken E. coli disease. Due to the complex structure of pathogenic Escherichia coli antigen and numerous serotypes, there is a lack of complete cross-protection among different serotype strains, and there are great differences in dominant serotypes in different regions. It is very difficult to develop a vaccine which can prevent chicken colibacillosis all over the country. At present, the widely used method is to develop a field multivalent vaccine, which has been applied in the field. It has been proved that the application of this method has a very good immune effect. We carried out epidemiological investigation of Escherichia coli in poultry from Liaocheng, Heze, Zhucheng, Weifang, Yantai and Jining areas of Shandong Province, and successfully isolated 130 strains of Escherichia coli. The serological results showed that the isolated Escherichia coli belonged to 13 serotypes. They were O78-O1O1O2O3O3O8O88O9, O24O127O127O127O127O15O82O35O3O18O114, respectively, accounting for 92.3x of the Escherichia coli strains isolated, and 10 strains of unshaped isolates, accounting for 7.7% of Escherichia coli strains isolated. Among them, O78, O1, O2 were the dominant serotypes, among which 40 strains of O78, 21 strains of O1 and 15 strains of O2, accounted for 30.8% of the isolated strains, 16.2and 11.5T, respectively. The animal regression test was carried out and the virulence test was carried out by selecting the highly virulent strains of avian Escherichia coli O1O2O78. The highly virulent and immunogenic QL-003 strain O1 QL-035 strain O78 QL-057 strain were selected for the preparation of trivalent vaccine for vaccine production. The production process, virulence and immunogenicity of avian Escherichia coli O1 QL-003 strain O1 QL-035 strain O78 QL-057 strain were studied. Based on these tests, avian Escherichia coli trivalent inactivated vaccine was prepared. The results of determination of formaldehyde and mercury preservative residues were all up to standard. Two months, four months and six months after the three batches of vaccines were immunized, the protection rates of O1 O78 QL-057 QL-035 and O78 QL-057 QL-057 strains were not less than 80% (8 / 10), 100% (10 / 10) of the control chickens, respectively. The results showed that the 3-valent inactivated vaccine had been immunized for at least 6 months.
【學位授予單位】：山東農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S855.12

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