【摘要】：吉林省西部草原位于大興安嶺森林、科爾沁草原濕地、松遼平原黑土地三個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的過渡帶，草原類型主要為平原草甸草原草場類、平原草甸草場類、丘陵干草原草場類。吉林省西部草原不僅是吉林省重要的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和生態(tài)屏障，同時(shí)也吉林省重要的農(nóng)牧產(chǎn)品基地。近些年來，由于人為破壞和自然環(huán)境變化，吉林省西部草原退化較為嚴(yán)重，因此，研究草原區(qū)土壤中礦質(zhì)營養(yǎng)元素、重金屬元素的分布特征、牧草中元素的分布及其對土壤元素富集特征，對吉林省西部草原的保護(hù)和管理等有著十分重要的意義。 本文通過吉林省西部草原區(qū)土壤、牧草樣品的分析測定，研究了草原區(qū)土壤中礦質(zhì)營養(yǎng)元素、重金屬元素的分布與富集特征、土壤重金屬形態(tài)分布特征、牧草營養(yǎng)元素的分布特征，研究了土壤-牧草間元素的相關(guān)性，對土壤肥力、土壤重金屬污染水平、牧草質(zhì)量等進(jìn)行了評價(jià)。通過研究，得到如下認(rèn)識： 1.吉林省西部草原表層土壤中Al2O3、TFe2O3、MgO、B、Mn、Co、Mo、Pb、Cu、Zn、As、Hg、Ni、Cr、Cd含量均低于全國土壤背景值，Na2O、K2O含量高于全國土壤背景值，土壤CaO、N、Cl空間含量差異較大，變異系數(shù)較高。表土中礦質(zhì)營養(yǎng)元素含量分布多呈北高南低的趨勢 2.相關(guān)性分析和因子分析結(jié)果表明，本區(qū)微量營養(yǎng)元素如Co、Zn、Cu、Mo、Mn和重金屬元素Cr、Ni、As、Pb、Hg、（Cu）、（Zn）的主要來源為成土母質(zhì)，營養(yǎng)元素N、P、K2O、CaO和重金屬元素Cd含量受成土作用等影響較大，B、MgO的含量與土壤pH相關(guān)性較大，Cl、Na2O的含量影響著土壤電導(dǎo)率。 3.通過土壤元素表層與深層含量比值和土壤重金屬元素富集因子，本區(qū)表層土壤富集N、P、Cl、Na2O、K2O等營養(yǎng)元素，對重金屬元素?zé)o富集。 4.本區(qū)土壤有效Mn、有效Mo、有效Zn含量處于極低水平，有效Cu含量處于適中水平，有效B、有效Fe處于極高水平。土壤水解N、有效P、有效K、有效Zn、有效B含量受土壤pH值、土壤電導(dǎo)率和土壤有機(jī)碳含量影響較大。土壤中As、Zn、Cr、Pb主要是以殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)形式存在于土壤中，而Hg、Cd主要是以活性態(tài)形式存在，，Hg、Cd的潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相對較大。 5.采用層次分析法評價(jià)本區(qū)土壤肥力等級，結(jié)果表明丘陵干草原土壤肥力最高，平原草甸草原草場肥力次之，多為二等土壤，平原草甸草場土壤肥力最低。采用內(nèi)梅羅指數(shù)法評價(jià)本區(qū)土壤重金屬污染情況，本區(qū)大部分土壤重金屬元素含量處于安全水平，只有查干花鎮(zhèn)周圍土壤重金屬達(dá)輕度污染水平，重金屬元素As、Cr、Hg、Pb、Ni、Zn含量都在此區(qū)域均有一定程度富集。 6、本區(qū)牧草中As、B、Ni、Na、Ca、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Cd、Pb、F、P含量差異較大，草中Na、P含量與土壤pH、有機(jī)碳含量和土壤電導(dǎo)率顯著相關(guān)，其他元素與土壤pH、有機(jī)碳含量和土壤電導(dǎo)率顯著相關(guān)性較差。參照NRC飼料微量元素推薦值，本區(qū)牧草缺乏Zn、Cu、P，Ni含量部分超標(biāo)，牧草中K、Mg、Ca、Mn、Co、Mo能滿足羊生長發(fā)育和正常代謝的需求。 吉林省西部草原土壤肥力水平較低，營養(yǎng)元素的有效態(tài)含量處于極低水平，重金屬元素含量雖處于安全水平，但Hg、Cd的潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相對較大。草原牧草缺乏Zn、Cu、P、，牧草中K、Mg、Ca、Mn、Co、Mo含量水平能滿足草原動物生長需要。
[Abstract]:The western steppe of Jilin Province is located in the transitional zone of three ecosystems in the forests of Daxinganling , Horqin steppe and Songliao Plain . The steppe type is mainly the grassland of the plain meadow , the meadow of the plain meadow and the grass field of the dry grassland . In recent years , the grassland degradation in the western Jilin Province is more serious . In recent years , the distribution of mineral nutrients , heavy metal elements and the enrichment of elements in the forage grass are of great significance to the conservation and management of the grassland in the western Jilin Province .

Based on the analysis and determination of soil and forage samples in the grassland areas in western Jilin Province , the distribution and enrichment characteristics of heavy metal elements , the distribution characteristics of heavy metals in soils and the distribution characteristics of nutrient elements in soils were studied . The correlation between soil - pasture elements was studied , and the soil fertility , soil heavy metal pollution level and forage quality were evaluated .

1 . The content of Al2O3 , TFe2O3 , MgO , B , Mn , Co , Mo , Pb , Cu , Zn , As , Hg , Ni , Cr and Cd in the surface soil of the western steppe of Jilin Province is lower than that of the national soil background .

2 . Correlation analysis and factor analysis showed that the main sources of trace elements such as Co , Zn , Cu , Mo , Mn and heavy metal elements Cr , Ni , As , Pb , Hg , ( Cu ) and ( Zn ) were the main sources of soil - forming mother matter , N , P , K2O , CaO and Cd content of heavy metal elements were influenced by soil - forming effects .

3 . The nutrient elements such as N , P , Cl , Na2O and K2O are enriched in the surface soil of the soil by the ratio of the surface layer and the deep content ratio of the soil element and the enrichment factor of the heavy metal elements in the soil , and the heavy metal elements are not enriched .

4 . The soil available Mn , effective Mo , effective Zn content in the region are at very low levels , the effective Cu content is at a moderate level , the effective B and the effective Fe are at very high levels . The soil hydrolysis N , the effective P , the effective K , the effective Zn , the effective B content are influenced by the soil pH value , the soil electrical conductivity and the soil organic carbon content . As Hg and Cd are mainly in the form of the active state , the potential ecological risk of Hg and Cd is relatively large .

5 . The level of soil fertility in the region was evaluated by using analytic hierarchy process . The results showed that the soil fertility of the grassland was the highest , the soil fertility of the meadow was the lowest in the plain meadow , and the soil fertility was the lowest in the plain meadow .

6 . The contents of As , B , Ni , Na , Ca , Cr , Mn , Fe , Co , Cd , Pb , F and P in the forage grass in this area were significantly different . The contents of Na and P in grass were significantly correlated with soil pH , organic carbon content and soil electrical conductivity .

In the western part of Jilin Province , the soil fertility level is low , the effective state content of the nutrient elements is at very low level , the content of heavy metal elements is at a safe level , but the potential ecological risk of Hg and Cd is relatively large . The content of K , Mg , Ca , Mn , Co and Mo in the forage grass can meet the growth needs of the prairie animal .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S812;X826

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