本文選題：苦豆子 + 生物堿��； 參考：《西北大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：苦豆子多見于西北地區(qū),其內(nèi)不僅含多種具醫(yī)藥、保健等利用價值的生物堿,還含有豐富的蛋白質(zhì)、糖類以及黃酮類等有效成分,可作為牲畜高營養(yǎng)飼料。但這些生物堿經(jīng)牲畜食用后,會引起牲畜中毒。本文通過對苦豆子中生物堿的提取純化的研究,以及對苦豆子殘渣經(jīng)發(fā)酵后作為一種新型的可再利用的高蛋白飼料,以期將苦豆子變廢為寶,為工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)苦豆子提供可靠地理論依據(jù)和實驗基礎(chǔ)。本文主要研究了以下幾點內(nèi)容：1.苦豆子中生物堿的定性和定量測定�？偵飰A和生物堿單體的定性測定主要是通過薄層層析法測定。薄層層析法測定總生物堿所用的展開劑為氯仿：甲醇：氨水=7：2.5：0.5,測定苦參堿所用的展開劑為正己烷：乙醇：氨水=7：3：0.1,測定氧化苦參堿所用的展開劑為氯仿：正丁醇：氨水=6：4：0.1,測定金雀花堿所用的展開劑為乙酸乙酯：甲醇：氨水=8：2：0.05�？偵飰A的定量測定采用的是分光光度法,以苦參堿含量為對照；生物堿單體定量測定采用的是高效液相色譜法,苦參堿單體定量測定的條件為NH2柱,波長220nm,流動相為乙腈：乙醇：3%磷酸水=75：15：10；氧化苦參堿單體定量測定的條件C18柱,波長為210nm,流動相為甲醇：乙腈：水：磷酸=10：30：65：0.05；金雀花堿單體定量測定的條件為C18柱,310nm波長下,流動相為乙腈：0.02醋酸銨：三乙胺=15：85：0.05,高效液相色譜法中溫度均為室溫,流速均為1.0mL/min,進樣量均為20uL。2.苦豆子中生物堿的提取工藝研究。通過單因素實驗和正交實驗,驗證并確定了提取苦豆子中總生物堿的最佳提取工藝條件,最佳實驗條件如下：苦豆子粒徑為20～40目,提取溶劑為pH0.8的硫酸水,料液比為1：20,浸提溫度為27～37℃,浸提最佳時間為14h,提取次數(shù)3次。3.苦豆子中生物堿純化工藝研究。實驗包括靜態(tài)實驗和動態(tài)實驗,靜態(tài)實驗優(yōu)選了最佳樹脂為D001,上樣液最適pH3.5,上樣液初始濃度為7.5mg/mL,最佳洗脫劑為pH10的65%氨乙醇；通過動態(tài)實驗,優(yōu)選了樹脂最佳上樣速率為5.5mL/min,洗脫劑為4倍左右的pH10的65%氨乙醇。4.苦豆子單體的分離工藝研究。通過結(jié)晶、重結(jié)晶的方法分離了純度為97%的苦參堿單體；通過酸-有機溶劑反復(fù)萃取,經(jīng)硅膠柱分離,得到純度為96%的金雀花堿單體；通過使用雙氧水將苦參堿氧化為氧化苦參堿,得到了純度為95%的氧化苦參堿單體,轉(zhuǎn)化率達到了90%以上。5.苦豆子提取生物堿后,殘渣經(jīng)發(fā)酵后,發(fā)酵為富含高蛋白的有機飼料。通過對發(fā)酵過程中發(fā)酵溫度、發(fā)酵時間、初始含水量及含糖量的研究,確定了發(fā)酵的最佳工藝條件；經(jīng)過對添加發(fā)酵劑和未添加發(fā)酵劑的苦豆子殘渣進行比較,優(yōu)選出了添加發(fā)酵劑后,在發(fā)酵溫度為35℃,發(fā)酵時間為5d,初始含水量為60%的條件下,發(fā)酵的飼料富含高蛋白,多糖類營養(yǎng)成分,可作為一種優(yōu)良的飼料代替其他飼料。
[Abstract]:Momordica charantia L. is found in Northwest China. It contains not only a variety of alkaloids with medical and health value, but also rich protein, sugar and flavonoids, which can be used as high nutrition feed for livestock. But these alkaloids can be poisoned by livestock after they are eaten by livestock. In this paper, the extraction and purification of alkaloids from bitter bean were studied, and the residue of bitter bean was fermented as a new kind of high protein feed which can be reused in order to turn the waste of bitter bean into treasure. To provide a reliable theoretical basis and experimental basis for industrial production of bitter beans. This paper mainly studies the following points: 1. Qualitative and quantitative determination of alkaloids in Momordica charantia L. The qualitative determination of total alkaloids and alkaloid monomers is mainly determined by thin layer chromatography. The developing agents used for the determination of total alkaloids by TLC were chloroform: methanol: ammonia water: 7: 2.5: 0.5; those used for the determination of matrine were n-hexane: ethanol: ammonia water 7: 3: 0.1; and those used for the determination of oxymatrine were 7: 3: 0.1. Chloroform: n-butanol: ammonia water 6: 4: 0.1. The developing agent for the determination of genistein is ethyl acetate: methanol: ammonia water 8: 2: 0.05. The quantitative determination of total alkaloids was carried out by spectrophotometry, the content of matrine was compared, the quantitative determination of alkaloids was performed by HPLC, and the conditions for quantitative determination of matrine were NH _ 2 column. The mobile phase was acetonitrile: ethanol: 3% phosphoric acid water 75: 15: 10; the conditions for quantitative determination of oxymatrine were C18 column, wavelength 210 nm; mobile phase methanol: acetonitrile: water: 10: 30: 650.05; Under the conditions of C _ (18) column and 310 nm wavelength, the mobile phase was acetonitrile: 0.02 ammonium acetate: triethylamine 15: 85: 0.05.The temperature of HPLC was room temperature, the flow rate was 1.0 mL / min, and the sample volume was 20uL. 2. Study on extraction process of alkaloids from Momordica charantia L. The optimum extraction conditions of total alkaloids from Momordica charantia L. were verified and determined by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment. The optimum conditions were as follows: the diameter of Sophora alopecuroides was 20 ~ 40 mesh, and the solvent was sulfuric acid water with pH 0.8. The ratio of material to liquid is 1: 20, the extraction temperature is 2737 鈩，

本文編號：2081440