本文選題：四川白鵝 + 浙東白鵝　； 參考：《揚(yáng)州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：不同鵝品種間經(jīng)濟(jì)雜交已成為當(dāng)前鵝業(yè)生產(chǎn)的主要手段之一,我們前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn),不同鵝品種間雜交表現(xiàn)出較高的雜種優(yōu)勢(shì),但種蛋受精率要明顯低于純種生產(chǎn)。不同品種間是否存在交配障礙(選擇性交配、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)交配等),從而引起受精率下降,目前尚未有報(bào)道�；诖�,本研究采用觀察記錄法,以浙東白鵝、四川白鵝和卡洛斯鵝為研究對(duì)象,組建浙東白鵝♂×四川白鵝♀(ZC)、四川白鵝♂×浙東白鵝♀(CZ)、浙東白鵝♂×浙東白鵝♀(ZZ)、四川白鵝♂×四川白鵝♀(CC)、卡洛斯鵝♂×四川白鵝♀(KC)、四川白鵝♂×卡洛斯鵝♀(CK)、卡洛斯鵝♂×卡洛斯鵝♀(KK)、四川白鵝♂×四川白鵝♀(CC)多父本家系。采用視頻自動(dòng)采集系統(tǒng),觀察比較不同組合求偶交配行為,揭示不同品種間求偶交配行為差異及其對(duì)種蛋受精率的影響,為科學(xué)選配、完善飼養(yǎng)管理制度、提高水禽生產(chǎn)力和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益提供一定的理論依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.為揭示不同鵝品種間求偶交配行為差異,經(jīng)觀察,鵝求偶方式包括公鵝主動(dòng)求偶、母鵝主動(dòng)求偶、公母鵝互相求偶,公鵝主動(dòng)求偶為主要求偶方式。浙東白鵝與四川白鵝存在連續(xù)交配、固定交配、交配(競(jìng)爭(zhēng))干擾、母鵝爬跨等特殊行為。卡洛斯公鵝存在一對(duì)一交配、優(yōu)勝等級(jí)序列與明顯的交配(競(jìng)爭(zhēng))干擾行為,因此建議在卡洛斯鵝保種過(guò)程中剔除此類公鵝,以維持群體的遺傳多樣性。同時(shí)還發(fā)現(xiàn)浙東白鵝公母鵝均存在明顯選擇性交配�？逅郭Z與四川白鵝間也存在明顯選擇性交配,母鵝配合度低,種間親和性差。浙東白鵝與四川白鵝雜交,從總體來(lái)看,雜交組公鵝主動(dòng)求偶頻次低于純繁組,但求偶用時(shí)高于純繁組。其中,四川白鵝♂×浙東白鵝♀組公鵝主動(dòng)求偶頻次和時(shí)長(zhǎng)(11.93次/天,17.34s)與四川白鵝純繁組(16.00次/天,14.15s)存在顯著差異(P0.05),說(shuō)明不同品種間雜交會(huì)導(dǎo)致求偶頻次降低。浙東白鵝母鵝主動(dòng)求偶與追逐公鵝的頻次高于四川白鵝母鵝,其中,四川白鵝♂×浙東白鵝♀組顯著高于其他組(P0.05),說(shuō)明浙東白鵝母鵝求偶能力強(qiáng)于四川白鵝母鵝。不同品種雜交還會(huì)降低母鵝配合交配的頻次,四川白鵝♂×浙東白鵝♀組母鵝配合交配頻次為15.71次/天,顯著低于四川白鵝純繁組(20.43次/天)(P0.05)。根據(jù)求偶交配行為頻次判斷各組最佳合群時(shí)間為11-15天,這為開(kāi)展不同品種雜交確定種蛋收集時(shí)間提供了一定的依據(jù)�？逅郭Z與四川白鵝雜交,從總體來(lái)看,不同品種間雜交對(duì)求偶交配行為影響顯著,雜交組公鵝求偶、爬跨、交尾、成功交配與母鵝配合交配的頻次均低于純繁組。尤其是四川白鵝純繁組上述各種行為頻次均顯著高于其他組(P0.05)。說(shuō)明,四川白鵝求偶交配能力強(qiáng)于卡洛斯鵝,結(jié)果提示在今后開(kāi)展不同種(中國(guó)鵝與歐洲鵝)雜交利用時(shí),要調(diào)整好公母比例以確保合理的公鵝求偶交配次數(shù)。2.為揭示不同交配強(qiáng)度的公鵝(浙東白鵝)、母鵝(四川白鵝)血清性激素水平,酶聯(lián)免疫吸附測(cè)定結(jié)果表明,成功交配40次以上的公鵝睪酮水平為111.42 ng/L,顯著高于交配低于30次的公鵝(81.48 ng/L)(P0.05);主動(dòng)求偶與爬跨的母鵝雌二醇水平分別為47.52 ng/L、57.65 ng/L,均顯著高于不愿交配的母鵝(13.57 ng/L)(P0.05),該結(jié)果表明性激素在一定程度上影響求偶交配行為。3.為闡明求偶交配行為與種蛋受精率的關(guān)系,統(tǒng)計(jì)分析表明,浙東白鵝與四川白鵝各組合中,種蛋受精率與公鵝成功交配次數(shù)顯著正相關(guān)(rp=0.992*,P0.05),與三種求偶行為次數(shù)不相關(guān)�？逅郭Z與四川白鵝各組合中,種蛋受精率與公鵝成功交配次數(shù)、總交配行為次數(shù)顯著正相關(guān)(rp= 0.975*,P0.05;rp=0.980*,P0.05),與三種求偶行為次數(shù)均不相關(guān)。該結(jié)果提示在生產(chǎn)中可以通過(guò)提高成功交配次數(shù)來(lái)提高種蛋受精率。本研究揭示了中、歐不同鵝品種交配行為差異,并發(fā)現(xiàn)各組合種蛋受精率與公鵝成功交配頻次呈顯著相關(guān),在一定交配次數(shù)范圍內(nèi),公鵝成功交配次數(shù)越多,種蛋受精率越高。
[Abstract]:The economic hybridization between different goose varieties has become one of the main means of the current production of goose industry. In our previous study, we found that the hybrids of different goose breeds showed high heterosis, but the fertilization rate of eggs was obviously lower than the production of pure species. On the basis of this, the study adopts the observation record method, taking the East Zhejiang white goose, Sichuan white goose and Carlos goose as the research object, the East Zhejiang white goose, Sichuan White Goose (ZC), the Sichuan white goose, Zhejiang East White Goose (CZ), the East Zhejiang white goose, Zhejiang East White Goose (ZZ), the Sichuan goose Sichuan White Goose (CC), and the goose of Sichuan. Sichuan White Goose (KC), Sichuan white goose, Carlos Goose (CK), Carlos goose x Carlos Goose (KK), and white geese White Goose (CC) multi paternal family of Sichuan white goose, using video automatic collection system to observe and compare the mating behavior of different combinations and reveal the difference of mating behavior between different varieties and the fertilization rate of eggs. The main research results are as follows: 1. the main research results are as follows: in order to reveal the difference of mating behavior among different goose varieties, the goose courtship method includes the male geese active courtship, the female geese active courtship, the male geese courting to each other, and the male geese active courtship. For the main courtship mode, there are continuous mating, fixed mating, mating (competition) interference, and the goose climbing span of the Sichuan goose. The Carlos goose has one to one mating, the superior rank sequence and the obvious mating (competition) interference behavior. Therefore, it is suggested that this kind of goose be eliminated in the Carlos goose conservation process to maintain the group. The genetic diversity of the goose in East Zhejiang was also found to be obviously selective mating. There was also an obvious selective mating between the Carlos goose and the Sichuan white geese, the female geese had a low coordination degree and a poor interspecific affinity. In general, the cross group of goose and Sichuan white geese were lower than the pure propagation group, but the courtship was used in the courtship. The frequency and length of active courtship of Sichuan white goose and Zhejiang East White geese (11.93 times / day, 17.34s) and Sichuan white goose pure propagation group (16 times / day, 14.15s) were significantly different (P0.05), which indicated that the frequency of courtship between different varieties could lead to lower frequency of courtship, and the frequency of active courtship and chasing goose in East Zhejiang goose goose was higher. In Sichuan white goose goose, Sichuan white goose and Zhedong white goose were significantly higher than other groups (P0.05), indicating that the geese of East Zhejiang goose was better than the Sichuan goose goose. The cross breeding of different varieties would reduce the frequency of mating and mating, and the mating frequency of the female goose of Sichuan goose and Zhedong white goose was significantly lower than that of the female goose. The pure propagation group of Sichuan White Goose (20.43 / day) (P0.05). According to the frequency of mating mating, the best combination time of each group was 11-15 days, which provided a certain basis for developing different varieties of egg collection time. In general, Carlos E and Sichuan white goose had a significant influence on the mating behavior of the courtship. The frequency of mating and mating between male and female goose was lower than that of pure propagation. In particular, the frequency of all kinds of behavior of Sichuan white goose group was significantly higher than that of other groups (P0.05). It shows that the mating ability of Sichuan goose is stronger than that of Carlos goose, and the results suggest that different species (Chinese goose and European goose) are carried out in the future. The ratio of male and female to the male goose (Sichuan white goose) and the female Goose (Sichuan white goose) were determined by the ratio of male and female to the male goose (Sichuan white goose). The results of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay showed that the level of male testosterone of more than 40 times was 111.42 ng/L, which was significantly higher than that of mating of less than 3. The 0 male geese (81.48 ng/L) (81.48 ng/L) (P0.05); the estradiol levels of the active and climbing female goose were 47.52 ng/L and 57.65 ng/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the unmating female Goose (13.57 ng/L) (P0.05). The results showed that the sex hormone, to a certain extent, affected the mating behavior of the courtship mating behavior and the relationship between the mating behavior of the courtship and the rate of fertilized eggs. The results showed that in the combination of Sichuan white goose and Sichuan white geese, the fertilization rate of eggs was significantly positively correlated with the successful mating number of male geese (rp=0.992*, P0.05), which was not related to the number of courtship behavior. In the combination of Carlos goose and Sichuan white geese, the fertilization rate of eggs was significantly correlated with the number of successful mating of goose and the number of total mating behavior (rp= 0.975*, P0.05; Rp=0.980*, P0.05) is not related to the number of three kinds of courtship behavior. This result suggests that the rate of successful mating can be improved in production. This study reveals the difference in mating behavior of different goose breeds in Europe, and found that the fertilization rate of different combinations of eggs is significantly related to the successful mating frequency of male goose, in certain mating times. The higher the number of male goose mating, the higher the fertilization rate.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S835

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