本文選題：草地農(nóng)業(yè) + 西寧市��； 參考：《蘭州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：地處青藏高原農(nóng)牧交錯(cuò)區(qū)的青海省西寧市,發(fā)展草地農(nóng)業(yè)有著得天獨(dú)厚的區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)、資源優(yōu)勢(shì)、氣候優(yōu)勢(shì)。近年來(lái)草原有效載畜量不斷下降,草食畜存欄量明顯減少,肉奶供應(yīng)嚴(yán)重不足,使得發(fā)展草地農(nóng)業(yè)迫在眉睫。此外,良好的群眾基礎(chǔ)和市場(chǎng)基礎(chǔ),草原生態(tài)保護(hù)與補(bǔ)助獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)機(jī)制等強(qiáng)有力的政策紅利給西寧市發(fā)展草地農(nóng)業(yè)帶來(lái)了良好的發(fā)展機(jī)遇,但西寧市發(fā)展草地農(nóng)業(yè)也有著認(rèn)識(shí)不到位、牧草良種單一、資金支持不夠、技術(shù)服務(wù)跟不上等一系列因素的制約。本研究對(duì)目前國(guó)內(nèi)外草地農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了回顧,對(duì)西寧市畜牧養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展取得的成效和存在的問(wèn)題及不足進(jìn)行了深入調(diào)研,對(duì)已有的三種較為典型的草地農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展模式進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析研究。三種草地農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展模式如下:1、合作社飼草訂單種植加企業(yè)養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展模式,應(yīng)通過(guò)專業(yè)合作社進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大飼草種植規(guī)模,提高生產(chǎn)效率,降低養(yǎng)殖成本,降低生產(chǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),提高農(nóng)民的組織化程度,帶動(dòng)農(nóng)民增收,并應(yīng)不斷豐富飼草品種,使種植模式多樣化,引進(jìn)牧草加工企業(yè),不斷延長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條。2、農(nóng)戶土地出租加飼草加工企業(yè)務(wù)工發(fā)展模式,應(yīng)通過(guò)土地租賃,進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大飼草種植規(guī)模,培育種植企業(yè),就地就近解決剩余農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力,促進(jìn)農(nóng)民和企業(yè)穩(wěn)定增收,并要進(jìn)一步提高天然草地的科學(xué)、合理的放牧利用,要將飼草種植與牛羊養(yǎng)殖相結(jié)合,提高綜合效益,以利于可持續(xù)發(fā)展。3、養(yǎng)殖大戶舍飼加天然草場(chǎng)放牧發(fā)展模式,應(yīng)依托不斷發(fā)展壯大的養(yǎng)殖大戶,大力發(fā)展人工草地,為圈養(yǎng)補(bǔ)飼提供優(yōu)質(zhì)飼草,保障牲畜平穩(wěn)過(guò)冬,夏秋季利用天然草地輪牧,保證草畜平衡,提高養(yǎng)殖效益,并要建立健全相關(guān)保障措施,想方設(shè)法穩(wěn)定養(yǎng)殖大戶的資金鏈,有效規(guī)避風(fēng)險(xiǎn),同時(shí)也要引進(jìn)飼草加工、畜產(chǎn)品加工、糞污無(wú)害化利用等系統(tǒng),延長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條,提高附加值。4、西寧市草地農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的幾點(diǎn)建議:(1)西寧市要將發(fā)展草地農(nóng)業(yè)當(dāng)做當(dāng)前乃至今后最緊迫的一項(xiàng)重要任務(wù);(2)西寧市要將草地農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展成為未來(lái)農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的一大支柱產(chǎn)業(yè);(3)西寧市發(fā)展草地農(nóng)業(yè)要走農(nóng)戶+合作社+企業(yè)合作共贏的發(fā)展模式;(4)西寧市發(fā)展草地農(nóng)業(yè)要走產(chǎn)業(yè)化、規(guī)�；l(fā)展道路;(5)西寧市發(fā)展草地農(nóng)業(yè)要走種植與養(yǎng)殖結(jié)合、舍飼與放牧結(jié)合、種植與加工結(jié)合的多元化發(fā)展道路;(6)西寧市三縣應(yīng)充分依托自身的資源優(yōu)勢(shì),在目前已有發(fā)展模式的基礎(chǔ)上相互借鑒、揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)避短,發(fā)展各具特色、多種模式的草地農(nóng)業(yè)。綜上,西寧市發(fā)展草地農(nóng)業(yè)應(yīng)該將幾種模式相互融合,揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)避短,走農(nóng)戶+合作社+公司的抱團(tuán)式發(fā)展模式,求得更大空間的合作共贏,走產(chǎn)業(yè)化、規(guī)�；缆�,走種植與養(yǎng)殖相結(jié)合、舍飼與放牧相結(jié)合、種植與加工相結(jié)合的發(fā)展道路,逐步將草地農(nóng)業(yè)打造成為未來(lái)西寧市農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的一大支柱產(chǎn)業(yè),更好的促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)增效,農(nóng)民增收。
[Abstract]:In Xining City of Qinghai Province which is located in the ecotone of agriculture and animal husbandry on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau the development of grassland agriculture has its unique geographical advantages resource advantages and climate advantages. In recent years, the effective stocking capacity of grassland is decreasing, the amount of herbivorous livestock is obviously decreasing, and the supply of meat and milk is seriously insufficient, so it is urgent to develop grassland agriculture. In addition, strong policy dividends, such as a good mass and market base, grassland ecological protection and subsidy incentive mechanism, have brought Xining a good opportunity to develop grassland agriculture. However, the development of grassland agriculture in Xining City is restricted by a series of factors, such as the lack of understanding, the single fine species of forage, the insufficient financial support and the technical service. The present situation of grassland agriculture at home and abroad was reviewed, and the achievements, problems and shortcomings of livestock farming in Xining City were investigated. Three typical models of grassland agriculture development were compared and studied. The three models of grassland agriculture development are as follows: 1. The development model of forage order planting and enterprise breeding in cooperative should further expand forage planting scale, improve production efficiency, reduce breeding cost and reduce production risk through specialized cooperatives. To increase farmers' organizational degree and increase farmers' income, we should enrich forage varieties, diversify planting patterns, introduce forage processing enterprises, prolong the industrial chain of .2, and expand the development model of farmers' land rental and forage processing enterprises. Through land lease, we should further expand the scale of forage grass planting, cultivate planting enterprises, solve the surplus rural labor force locally, promote the steady increase of income of farmers and enterprises, and further improve the science and rational grazing utilization of natural grassland. In order to combine forage planting with cattle and sheep breeding, to improve the comprehensive benefit, to benefit the sustainable development of. 3, and to develop the artificial grassland by relying on the growing and growing farmers, In order to provide high quality forage for refeeding in captivity, to ensure stable winter for livestock, to make use of natural grassland rotation in summer and autumn, to ensure the balance of grass and livestock, to improve the efficiency of breeding, and to establish and improve the relevant safeguard measures, and to try every means to stabilize the capital chain of large farmers, To effectively avoid risks, we should also introduce systems such as forage processing, livestock product processing, and harmless utilization of manure, so as to prolong the industrial chain. Some suggestions on the development of grassland agriculture in Xining City: (1) the development of grassland agriculture in Xining City should be regarded as the most urgent task at present and in the future; (2) the grassland agriculture should be developed into the future agricultural field in Xining City. (3) the development of grassland agriculture in Xining city should follow the pattern of farmers' cooperative enterprise cooperation and win-win development; (4) Xining city should take industrialization to develop grassland agriculture, (5) the development of grassland agriculture in Xining should take the diversified development road of combining planting and breeding, combining house and grazing, planting and processing; (6) the three counties of Xining should fully rely on their own resource advantages. On the basis of the existing development models, the grassland agriculture with its own characteristics and various models should be developed. To sum up, Xining City should combine several models to develop grassland agriculture, promote its strengths and circumvent its weaknesses, take the collective development model of farmers' cooperative companies, seek a win-win cooperation in greater space, and take the road of industrialization and scale. By combining planting and breeding, combining house feeding with grazing, combining planting with processing, grassland agriculture will be gradually made into a pillar industry in Xining agricultural field in the future, which will better promote agricultural efficiency and increase farmers' income.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F326.12;F326.3

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 錢(qián)拴;毛留喜;侯英雨;伏洋;張海珍;杜軍;;青藏高原載畜能力及草畜平衡狀況研究[J];自然資源學(xué)報(bào);2007年03期

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本文編號(hào)：2066530