本文選題：禽流感病毒 + H9N2亞型　； 參考：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：H9N2亞型禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus,AIV)自1994年在我國(guó)首次分離以來(lái),流行范圍已擴(kuò)大至全國(guó)各地。該病毒在我國(guó)家禽中感染率極高、分布廣泛,家禽感染該病毒后,容易造成其他病原繼發(fā)感染,從而引起家禽呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病和蛋雞產(chǎn)蛋量下降。H9N2亞型AIV也可以感染人和其他哺乳動(dòng)物,還可以作為高致病性禽流感病毒的基因供體與其重組,對(duì)家禽或公共衛(wèi)生安全構(gòu)成嚴(yán)重的威脅。因此,對(duì)其進(jìn)行流行病學(xué)調(diào)查研究,可以揭示其流行狀況和流行規(guī)律,從而有助于制定科學(xué)的防控策略和應(yīng)對(duì)措施。本研究于2014年4月、8月和10月,在上海、江蘇、安徽和廣東4省市(長(zhǎng)三角和珠三角),隨機(jī)選取58個(gè)活禽交易市場(chǎng)(含25個(gè)批發(fā)市場(chǎng)和33零售市場(chǎng)),共采集1 2635份家禽拭子樣品。樣品采集后進(jìn)行AIV分離、病毒HA和NA基因RT-PCR檢測(cè)、序列測(cè)定和遺傳進(jìn)化分析。結(jié)果顯示,所檢測(cè)的1 2635份樣品中,H9N2亞型AIV樣品總體陽(yáng)性率為15.10%(1908/12635),H9N2亞型AIV場(chǎng)點(diǎn)陽(yáng)性率為98.28%(57/58)。該病毒在雞、鴨、鵝和鴿的樣品中的陽(yáng)性率分別為22.98%(1730/7529)、3.62%(94/2594)、4.08%(67/1643)、2.09%(18/861);該病毒在上海、江蘇、安徽和廣東四省市的樣品中的陽(yáng)性率分別為 24.11%(688/2853)、8.43%(284/3368)、15.27%(475/3110)、13.95%(461/3304)。研究結(jié)果還顯示,隨著家禽在活禽批發(fā)市場(chǎng)內(nèi)停留時(shí)間增加,H9N2亞型AIV分離率呈上升趨勢(shì)(從停留8 h內(nèi)的感染率11.45%,上升到停留48 h以上的感染率29.13%),且H9N2亞型AIV病毒在活禽零售市場(chǎng)感染率(34.40%)顯著高于活禽批發(fā)市場(chǎng)感染率(12.24%)。遺傳進(jìn)化分析結(jié)果表明,檢出的H9N2亞型AIV全部屬于h9.4.2.5分支,該分支的毒株為2007年以來(lái)我國(guó)H9亞型AIV優(yōu)勢(shì)流行分支。從上述結(jié)果可以得出以下推論。首先,H9N2亞型AIV在我國(guó)長(zhǎng)三角和珠三角活禽市場(chǎng)中感染率很高(雞群中感染率尤高);其次,隨著活禽在活禽批發(fā)市場(chǎng)內(nèi)停留時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),以及活禽從批發(fā)市場(chǎng)向零售市場(chǎng)的轉(zhuǎn)移,H9N2亞型AIV存在一個(gè)顯著擴(kuò)增和擴(kuò)散的過(guò)程,這進(jìn)而提示活禽交易市場(chǎng)在該病毒傳播的過(guò)程中,可能發(fā)揮類似"放大器"的作用,從而有助于該病毒與其他AIV發(fā)生基因重配,同時(shí)有助于該病毒感染人類。本文通過(guò)對(duì)長(zhǎng)三角和珠三角活禽交易市場(chǎng)H9N2亞型AIV進(jìn)行流行病學(xué)調(diào)查,揭示該病毒在這兩大區(qū)域活禽市場(chǎng)內(nèi)的流行狀況和動(dòng)態(tài)分布關(guān)系,為活禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)更好的發(fā)展以及更加科學(xué)的研判該病毒的流行動(dòng)態(tài)和流行風(fēng)險(xiǎn),更有針對(duì)性地指導(dǎo)防控工作,提供科學(xué)的理論依據(jù).
[Abstract]:H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus (avian influenza virus AIV) has been isolated from China for the first time since 1994, and the epidemic scope has been extended to all parts of the country. The infection rate of this virus is very high in poultry of our country, and it is widely distributed. When poultry is infected with the virus, it is easy to cause secondary infection of other pathogens. As a result, AIV, which causes respiratory diseases in poultry and egg production decline in laying hens, can also infect human beings and other mammals, and can also be used as a gene donor and recombination of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. Pose a serious threat to poultry or public health. Therefore, epidemiological investigation and study can reveal the epidemic status and the epidemic law, thus contributing to the formulation of scientific prevention and control strategies and countermeasures. This study was conducted in April, August and October 2014 in Shanghai, Jiangsu Province, In Anhui and Guangdong provinces and cities (Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta), 58 live poultry markets (including 25 wholesale markets and 33 retail markets) were randomly selected and 1 2635 samples of poultry swabs were collected. The samples were isolated by AIV, the HA and na genes were detected by RT-PCR, the sequences were sequenced and the genetic evolution was analyzed. The results showed that the overall positive rate of H9N2 subtype AIV was 15.10% (1908 / 12635). The positive rate of H9N2 subtype AIV was 98.28% (57 / 58). The positive rates of the virus in chickens, ducks, geese and pigeons were 22.98% (1730 / 7529) 3.62% (94 / 2594) 4.08% (67 / 1643) and 2.09% (18 / 861), respectively. The positive rates of the virus in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Anhui and Guangdong provinces and cities were 24.11% (6882853) and 8.43% (284P / 3368), respectively. The results also show that With the increase of residence time of poultry in live poultry wholesale market, the AIV isolation rate of H9N2 subtype is on the rise (from the infection rate of 11.45 within 8 hours to 29.13% of live poultry staying for more than 48 hours), and H9N2 subtype AIV virus in live poultry retail market The infection rate (34.40%) was significantly higher than that in live poultry wholesale market (12.24%). The results of genetic evolution analysis showed that the H9N2 subtype AIV belonged to h9.4.2.5 branch, and the strain was the dominant epidemic branch of H9 subtype AIV in China since 2007. The following inferences can be drawn from the above results. First, the infection rate of H9N2 subtype AIV was very high in the live poultry markets of the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta in China (especially among chickens), and secondly, with the prolongation of the live poultry staying time in the live poultry wholesale market, the infection rate of AIV was very high in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta markets. And the transfer of H9N2 subtype AIV from wholesale market to retail market has a significant process of amplification and diffusion, which suggests that the live poultry market may play a similar "amplifier" role in the transmission of the virus. This helps the virus to rematch with other AIV genes and to infect humans. Based on the epidemiological investigation of H9N2 subtype AIV in the live poultry markets of the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta, the epidemic status and dynamic distribution of the virus in the live poultry markets in these two regions were revealed. For the better development of live poultry breeding industry and more scientific study of the epidemic trends and risk of the virus, more targeted guidance of prevention and control work, provide a scientific theoretical basis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S855.3

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