本文選題：循環(huán)高溫 + 蛋雞�。� 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：環(huán)境高溫是影響家禽生產(chǎn)的一個(gè)重要因素,高溫環(huán)境下家禽采食量降低,肉雞生長(zhǎng)速度減慢,蛋雞產(chǎn)蛋率、蛋重及體重下降。環(huán)境高溫影響家禽生產(chǎn)性能并非全部由于采食量下降引起的,即使在相同采食量的條件下,環(huán)境高溫仍顯著降低家禽的生產(chǎn)性能,這可能與降低營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)利用有關(guān)。目前我國蛋雞生產(chǎn)中,除少量雞舍采用自然通風(fēng)或機(jī)械通風(fēng)降溫外(該類雞舍夏季舍內(nèi)溫度一般在29~35℃之間波動(dòng)),大部分規(guī)模化蛋雞舍均安裝了風(fēng)機(jī)-濕簾等降溫系統(tǒng),夏季雞舍內(nèi)溫度一般可以控制在30℃以下,導(dǎo)致大多數(shù)生產(chǎn)及研究人員忽視夏季高溫對(duì)蛋雞的影響。這種27~30℃循環(huán)溫度是否會(huì)影響蛋雞生產(chǎn)性能、蛋品質(zhì)及消化機(jī)能目前尚不清楚。針對(duì)這一問題,本論文開展以下兩個(gè)試驗(yàn),通過模擬夏季循環(huán)高溫,研究不同循環(huán)高溫對(duì)蛋雞采食量、營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)消化率、消化酶活性及基因表達(dá)等方面的影響;同時(shí)研究循環(huán)高溫下改變蛋雞日糧的營養(yǎng)水平,是否可以緩解環(huán)境高溫的不利影響。試驗(yàn)一:選取28周齡高產(chǎn)海蘭褐蛋雞288只,隨機(jī)分為21℃適溫組、27~30℃循環(huán)高溫組、29~35℃循環(huán)高溫組和21℃采食配對(duì)組(按前1天29~35℃組的采食量飼喂),每個(gè)處理組6個(gè)重復(fù),每個(gè)重復(fù)12只雞,分別飼養(yǎng)于4個(gè)人工環(huán)境控制艙內(nèi),試驗(yàn)持續(xù)4周,研究不同循環(huán)高溫對(duì)蛋雞生產(chǎn)性能、蛋品質(zhì)、消化機(jī)能以及抗氧化能力、免疫能力的影響。試驗(yàn)二:選擇38周齡連續(xù)產(chǎn)蛋的海蘭褐蛋雞288只,隨機(jī)分為I低能組(ME2700 kcal/kg,CP16%)、II中能組(ME2800 kcal/kg,CP16%)、III高能組(ME2900 kcal/kg,CP16%)和IV高蛋白組(ME2700 kcal/kg,CP18%)四個(gè)處理組,每個(gè)處理組6個(gè)重復(fù),每個(gè)重復(fù)12只雞(每個(gè)重復(fù)4個(gè)蛋雞籠),試驗(yàn)持續(xù)4周,飼養(yǎng)于人工環(huán)境控制艙內(nèi),倉內(nèi)溫度設(shè)定為27~30℃循環(huán)高溫(溫度變化模式同實(shí)驗(yàn)一),研究循環(huán)高溫環(huán)境下不同日糧能量和蛋白水平對(duì)蛋雞生產(chǎn)性能、蛋品質(zhì)的影響。結(jié)果:1、與適溫組相比,27~30℃組蛋雞采食量、體重和蛋重顯著降低(P0.05),蛋殼強(qiáng)度顯著降低(P0.05),除蛋黃顏色顯著降低(P0.05)外,不影響雞蛋品質(zhì)其他相關(guān)指標(biāo)(P0.1);而29~35℃組蛋雞采食量、體重、蛋重和產(chǎn)蛋率均顯著降低(P0.05),蛋殼厚度和蛋殼強(qiáng)度顯著降低(P0.05),破蛋率顯著升高(P0.05),雞蛋蛋白高度和蛋黃顏色均顯著降低(P0.05)。與采食配對(duì)組相比(采食量相同條件下),29~35℃組蛋重顯著降低(P0.05),料蛋比提高(P0.05),蛋殼強(qiáng)度顯著降低(P0.05),雞蛋品質(zhì)差異不顯著(P0.1)。2、與適溫組相比,27~30℃組蛋雞體核溫度(TC)無顯著差異,除血清T-AOC降低外,肝臟和血清中MDA含量及抗氧化酶活性均無顯著差異,血清Ig A、Ig M含量顯著降低(P0.05);而29~35℃組蛋雞TC顯著升高(P0.05),血清和肝臟中MDA含量顯著升高(P0.05),T-AOC顯著下降(P0.05),血清GSH-Px活性有降低趨勢(shì)(P0.1),血清IgA、Ig M含量以及脾臟指數(shù)顯著降低(P0.05)。與采食配對(duì)組相比(采食量相同條件下)血清和肝臟中MDA含量同樣顯著升高(P0.05),T-AOC顯著下降(P0.05),血清GSH-Px活性顯著降低(P0.05),血清中僅IgA含量顯著降低(P0.05),Ig M、Ig G含量以及脾臟指數(shù)無顯著差異。3、與適溫組相比,27~30℃組蛋雞飼料中干物質(zhì)、蛋白、脂肪、鈣、磷、能量消化率無顯著差異(P0.1),除回腸和空腸淀粉酶活性顯著降低外,其他腸段(十二指腸、空腸、回腸)中淀粉酶、脂肪酶、糜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶活性無顯著差異(P0.1);胰腺各消化酶活性及消化酶m RNA表達(dá)水平均差異不顯著(P0.1),另外蛋雞空腸的隱窩深度顯著升高(P0.05),絨毛高度和隱窩深度比有降低趨勢(shì)(P0.1),而十二指腸及回腸的絨毛高度、隱窩深度及其比值無顯著差異(P0.1);與適溫組相比,29~35℃組蛋雞蛋白質(zhì)代謝率有降低趨勢(shì)(P0.1),其他營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)消化率無顯著差異(P0.1),回腸淀粉酶活性顯著降低(P0.05),空腸淀粉酶具有下降的趨勢(shì)(P0.1);其他各腸道淀粉酶、脂肪酶、糜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶活性與對(duì)照組無顯著差異(P0.1);胰腺中胰蛋白酶活性有降低趨勢(shì)(P0.1),淀粉酶、脂肪酶、糜蛋白酶活性差異不顯著(P0.1),但胰腺各消化酶mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量無顯著差異(P0.1),另外蛋雞空腸隱窩深度顯著升高(P0.05),絨毛高度和隱窩深度比值有降低趨勢(shì)(P0.1)。與采食配對(duì)組相比(采食量相同條件下),29~35℃組蛋雞飼料蛋白質(zhì)代謝率有降低趨勢(shì)(P0.1)。在相同采食量條件下,29~35℃顯著降低蛋雞脂肪、蛋白代謝率顯著降低(P0.05),干物質(zhì)代謝率和AME值有降低趨勢(shì)(P0.1);29~35℃組回腸淀粉酶活性顯著降低(P0.05),空腸胰蛋白酶活性顯著降低(P0.05),空腸淀粉酶活性有下降趨勢(shì)(P0.1);胰腺中糜蛋白酶差異不顯著(P0.1),淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性顯著降低(P0.05),脂肪酶活性有降低趨勢(shì)(P0.1),各種消化酶mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量無顯著差異(P0.1)。另外與采食配對(duì)組相比,蛋雞各腸道絨毛高度、隱窩深度及其比值無顯著差異(P0.1)。4、提高日糧能量水平,采食量有降低趨勢(shì)(P0.1),其中中能和高能組蛋雞采食量顯著低于低能組;提高日糧能量水平,產(chǎn)蛋率和蛋重略有提高(5.5%,0.8%),未到達(dá)顯著水平,但料蛋比顯著降低。提高日糧蛋白水平,采食量顯著降低(P0.05),產(chǎn)蛋率和蛋重略有提高(3.3%,1.2%),未達(dá)到顯著水平,但料蛋比顯著降低(P0.05)。提高日糧能量和蛋白水平對(duì)蛋殼和雞蛋品質(zhì)無顯著影響(P0.1)。結(jié)論:夏季雞舍溫度即使在27~30℃之間波動(dòng)仍顯著影響蛋雞生產(chǎn)性能。高溫對(duì)蛋雞產(chǎn)蛋性能、蛋品質(zhì)的影響與采食量下降有關(guān),高溫直接影響蛋殼的形成。高溫對(duì)蛋雞抗氧化能力的影響與體溫升高有關(guān),對(duì)免疫機(jī)能的影響與降低采食量有關(guān)。高溫對(duì)蛋雞生產(chǎn)性能的影響不僅與采食量降低有關(guān),還直接影響蛋雞的消化機(jī)能。提高日糧能量和蛋白水平,能量和蛋白攝入量增加,產(chǎn)蛋率及蛋重增加但未達(dá)到顯著水平,飼糧利用效率顯著提高。
[Abstract]:Environmental temperature is an important factor affecting the production of poultry. Under the high temperature environment, the feed intake of poultry is reduced, the growth rate of broilers is slow, laying rate of laying hens, egg weight and weight decrease. The environmental temperature affects the performance of poultry not all due to the decrease of feed intake. Even under the same feed intake, the environmental temperature is still significantly reduced. The production performance of poultry may be related to reducing the utilization of nutrients. In the production of egg chickens in our country, in addition to a small number of chicken houses with natural ventilation or mechanical ventilation (the temperature fluctuates between 29~35 C in summer houses in this kind of chicken house), most of the large egg laying hens are equipped with a cooling system such as the fan - wet curtain and so on, and the temperature of the chicken house in summer. It is generally controlled below 30 degrees, causing most production and researchers to ignore the effect of summer high temperature on laying hens. Whether the temperature of 27~30 centigrade can affect the performance of laying hens, egg quality and digestive function is not yet clear. In this paper, the next two experiments are carried out in this paper to simulate the high temperature in the summer cycle. The effects of different cycles of high temperature on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, digestive enzyme activity and gene expression, and whether to change the nutritional level of laying hens under cyclic high temperature, and whether the adverse effects of environmental temperature were alleviated. Experiment 1: 28 Zhou Linggao Brown laying hens were selected to be randomly divided into 21 degrees centigrade temperature group, 27 ~30 centigrade cycle high temperature group, 29~35 centigrade high temperature group and 21 centigrade feeding pair group (feed intake at 29~35 C for the first 1 days), each treatment group was 6 repetitions, each repeated 12 chickens, respectively reared in 4 artificial environment control tanks, the experiment lasted for 4 weeks, and studied the production performance, egg quality, digestive function and oxygen resistance of different cycle high temperature. Test two: 288 of the 38 week old egg laying hens were randomly divided into I low energy group (ME2700 kcal/kg, CP16%), ME2800 kcal/kg (CP16%), III high energy group (ME2900 kcal/kg, CP16%), and high protein group four treatment groups, each treatment group was 6 repeat, each repetition 12 chickens (each repeat 4 egg cages), the experiment lasted for 4 weeks and kept in the artificial environment control cabin. The temperature of the silo was set at 27~30 centigrade temperature (temperature change mode and Experiment 1). The effects of different dietary energy and protein levels on the productive energy and egg quality of laying hens under cyclic high temperature environment were studied. Results: 1, compared with the temperature group, 27~30 C The feed intake, weight and egg weight decreased significantly (P0.05), and the egg shell strength decreased significantly (P0.05), except for the significant decrease of egg yolk color (P0.05), which did not affect the other related index of egg quality (P0.1), while the feed intake, weight, egg weight and egg production rate of layers in 29~35 group were significantly decreased (P0.05), the thickness of eggshell and eggshell strength decreased significantly (P0.05). The egg yolk height and egg yolk color were significantly decreased (P0.05). The egg weight of 29~35 centigrade was significantly reduced (P0.05), the ratio of egg to egg (P0.05), egg shell strength decreased (P0.05), egg quality was not significant (P0.1).2, compared with the temperature group at 29~35. There was no significant difference in the body nucleus temperature (TC). Except for the decrease of serum T-AOC, there was no significant difference in the content of MDA and antioxidant enzymes in the liver and serum, and the content of serum Ig A and Ig M decreased significantly (P0.05), while TC significantly increased (P0.05) in the 29~35 centigrade group, and the MDA content in the serum and liver was significantly increased. The level of serum IgA, Ig M and spleen index decreased significantly (P0.05). The content of MDA in serum and liver was also significantly increased (P0.05), T-AOC decreased significantly (P0.05), GSH-Px activity decreased significantly (P0.05) and the content of only IgA in serum decreased significantly (P0.05) compared with the feeding pair group (P0.05). There was no significant difference in the spleen index (.3). There was no significant difference in the dry matter, protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus and energy digestibility (P0.1) in the 27~30 C group, and the activity of amylase, lipase, chymotrypsin and trypsin in other intestinal segments (duodenum, empty intestines and ileum) was not significantly different from that in the suitable temperature group (P0.1). Significant difference (P0.1); the activity of digestive enzymes and the expression of digestive enzyme m RNA were not significantly different (P0.1), and the depth of the crypts in the jejunum increased significantly (P0.05), the height of the villi and the depth of the recess decreased (P0.1), but there was no significant difference between the villous height of the duodenum and the ileum, the depth of the recess and its ratio (P0.1). Compared with the group, the protein metabolism rate in the 29~35 group was reduced (P0.1), the other nutrient digestibility had no significant difference (P0.1), the intestinal amylase activity decreased significantly (P0.05), the jejunum amylase had a downward trend (P0.1), and there was no significant difference between the other intestinal amylase, lipase, chymotrypsin and trypsin (P0.). 1) the trypsin activity in the pancreas decreased (P0.1), the amylase, lipase and chymotrypsin were not significantly different (P0.1), but the relative expression of mRNA in the digestive enzymes of the pancreas was not significantly different (P0.1), and the depth of the jejunum recess increased significantly (P0.05), and the ratio of the villus height to the recess depth was decreased (P0.1). Under the same feeding condition, the protein metabolism rate of the feed chicken in 29~35 C was reduced (P0.1). At the same feed intake, the fat of the egg chicken, the protein metabolism rate decreased significantly (P0.05), the metabolic rate of dry matter and the AME value decreased (P0.1) at the same feed intake, and the activity of the ileum amylase in 29~35 centigrade group decreased significantly (P0.05) and jejunum (P0.1). The activity of trypsin decreased significantly (P0.05), the activity of jejunum amylase decreased (P0.1), the differences of chymotrypsin in the pancreas were not significant (P0.1), the activity of amylase and trypsin decreased significantly (P0.05), the activity of lipase was decreased (P0.1), and the relative expression of various digestive enzyme mRNA was not significantly different (P0.1). In addition, compared with the feeding pairing group, the activity of amylase and trypsin decreased significantly (P0.1). The height of the intestinal villi, the depth of the recess and its ratio were not significantly different (P0.1).4, and the diet energy level was improved (P0.1), and the feed intake of the middle energy and high energy groups was significantly lower than that of the low energy group; the dietary energy level, the egg production rate and the egg weight were slightly increased (5.5%, 0.8%), and the egg weight was not significant, but the egg ratio was significantly higher than that of the eggs. Decrease. Increase dietary protein level, feed intake significantly decreased (P0.05), egg laying rate and egg weight slightly increased (3.3%, 1.2%), not significant level, but the egg ratio significantly decreased (P0.05). Increasing dietary energy and protein level had no significant effect on egg shell and egg quality (P0.1). Conclusion: the temperature of chicken house in summer is still fluctuating even between 27~30 and temperature. The effect of high temperature on laying performance of egg laying hens, the effect of egg quality on egg quality is related to the decline of feed intake. High temperature affects the formation of eggshell directly. The effect of high temperature on the antioxidant capacity of layers is related to the increase of body temperature. The influence on the immune function is related to the reduction of feed intake. The effect of high temperature on the performance of laying hens is not only with the feed intake. It also directly affected the digestive function of the laying hens, increased the energy and protein level of the diet, increased the energy and protein intake, increased the egg production rate and egg weight, but did not reach a significant level, and the utilization efficiency of the diet increased significantly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S831

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2 張景城;環(huán)境因素對(duì)產(chǎn)蛋雞生產(chǎn)性能以及蛋殼腺CaBP-d28k、PMCA表達(dá)的影響[D];山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2014年

3 李艷;糖皮質(zhì)激素和熱應(yīng)激對(duì)蛋雞肝臟脂肪代謝影響[D];山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2011年

4 劉煥良;高溫條件下日糧不同代謝能和蛋白質(zhì)水平對(duì)蛋雞生產(chǎn)性能和蛋品質(zhì)的影響[D];華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2009年

5 李軍喬;高溫環(huán)境對(duì)肉仔雞血液生化指標(biāo)、熱應(yīng)激蛋白（HSP72）轉(zhuǎn)錄及肉品質(zhì)的影響[D];河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2004年

6 馬愛平;持續(xù)日變高溫對(duì)肉仔雞消化酶活性、骨骼肌氮沉積及HSP70 mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄水平的影響[D];中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院;2004年

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