本文選題：灘羊 + 瘤胃細(xì)菌　； 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：寧夏灘羊以其優(yōu)質(zhì)的二毛裘皮以及鮮嫩的肉品質(zhì)而聞名,近些年來,由于生態(tài)環(huán)境的壓力,養(yǎng)殖方式由放牧轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樯犸?飼料類型也隨之變化。目前,有關(guān)灘羊瘤胃微生物發(fā)酵的研究較少,特別是日糧營養(yǎng)水平(能量和蛋白質(zhì)水平)對灘羊瘤胃細(xì)菌區(qū)系的研究更少。因此,本試驗的目的是研究不同日齡和不同營養(yǎng)水平的日糧對灘羊瘤胃細(xì)菌多樣性、pH和VFA所占比例的影響。在本試驗中共挑選平均體重為(29±1.25)kg健康的寧夏灘羊112只(其中公羊、母羊各一半,105日齡)。完全隨機(jī)的分到4個不同日糧營養(yǎng)水平的處理組(組I,II,III和IV),每個處理組中包含4個重復(fù),每個重復(fù)中有7只羊(每個處理組總共有28只羊)。從處理組I到IV,日糧能量分別為7.08 MJ·kg-1、8.09 MJ·kg-1、9.10 MJ·kg-1和10.11 MJ·kg-1;蛋白質(zhì)水平分別為8.04%、9.19%、10.34%和11.49%。飼料中能量、蛋白質(zhì)的比值相同(約為0.88)。試驗期共75 d,其中預(yù)試期15 d。分別在每個試驗期結(jié)束當(dāng)天(即150日齡和180日齡),從每個處理組的每個重復(fù)中隨機(jī)選取1只羊屠宰(即每個處理組共選取4只羊),采集瘤胃內(nèi)容物并測定其pH和VFA的含量;提取瘤胃液基因組DNA,一部分基因組DNA樣品通過絕對實時熒光定量PCR對相關(guān)微生物的含量進(jìn)行測定,另一部分通過第二代測序技術(shù)對灘羊瘤胃細(xì)菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行測定并進(jìn)行相關(guān)功能的預(yù)測。試驗結(jié)果表明:1、在150和180日齡時,僅S.ruminantium的數(shù)量有顯著差異(P0.05);P.ruminicola、R.flavefaciens和S.dextrinisolvens的數(shù)量隨著日糧營養(yǎng)水平的提高均顯著增加(P0.05)。另外,通過相關(guān)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),不同瘤胃細(xì)菌間(種分類水平)存在相互促進(jìn)作用。2、灘羊瘤胃液pH不受日齡和日糧營養(yǎng)水平的影響(P0.05);但不同日糧營養(yǎng)水平對VFA所占比例有顯著影響。其中,乙酸的含量隨著日糧營養(yǎng)水平的增加呈顯著降低趨勢(P0.05),而丁酸、異丁酸、戊酸、異戊酸所占TVFA的比例呈明顯上升趨勢(P0.05)。丙酸所占比例與V.parvula的數(shù)量呈顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系(r=0.42,P0.05),而戊酸與V.parvula的數(shù)量呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系(r=-0.53,P0.01)。3、本試驗共獲得了灘羊瘤胃細(xì)菌的16個門分類和133個屬分類。其中,Firmicutes門、Bacteroidetes門和Proteobacteria門的數(shù)量最多,且隨著日糧營養(yǎng)水平的提高,Bacteroidetes門和Proteobacteria門的數(shù)量均呈線性增加的趨勢(P0.05),而Firmicutes門的數(shù)量呈線性降低的趨勢(P0.05)。Butyrivibrio屬、Saccharofermentans屬和Pseudobutyrivibrio屬的含量隨著日糧營養(yǎng)水平的提高均呈線性降低趨勢(P0.05),而Prevotella屬、Prevotellaceae_uncultured屬和Succinivibrio屬的含量均呈線性增加的趨勢(P0.05)。通過功能預(yù)測發(fā)現(xiàn),參與碳水化合物代謝的基因家族所占比例較大,且隨著日糧營養(yǎng)水平的提高,與氨基酸代謝相關(guān)的基因家族所占的比例呈線性增長趨勢(P0.05)。綜上所述,與日齡相比,不同營養(yǎng)水平的日糧顯著影響瘤胃微生物數(shù)量及VFA含量。瘤胃中細(xì)菌(門、屬、種分類水平)的數(shù)量均隨日糧營養(yǎng)水平的提高而改變。另外,本試驗還預(yù)測了瘤胃細(xì)菌相關(guān)基因家族的潛在功能。本試驗實現(xiàn)對灘羊瘤胃細(xì)菌組成的首次研究并為提高灘羊日糧中能量和蛋白質(zhì)的利用效率提供依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Ningxia beach sheep is famous for its high quality 20 Fen fur and fresh meat quality. In recent years, because of the pressure of ecological environment, the breeding mode has changed from grazing to forage, and the type of feed has changed accordingly. At present, there are few studies on the microbial fermentation of the rumen of the beach sheep, especially the dietary nutrition level (energy and protein level) to the beach sheep. The study of rumen bacterial flora was less. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of diet on rumen diversity, pH and VFA ratio of pH and VFA in different days of age and different nutritional levels. In this experiment, 112 sheep of Ningxia beach sheep (including rams, ewes, 105 days of age) were selected in this experiment. The machine was divided into 4 different diets (group I, II, III and IV), with 4 repetitions in each treatment group, 7 sheep in each repeat (28 sheep in each treatment group). From the treated group I to IV, the diet energy was 7.08 MJ. Kg-1,8.09 MJ kg-1,9.10 MJ, kg-1 and 10.11 respectively; protein levels were 8.04%, 9.19 respectively. The ratio of energy and protein in 10.34% and 11.49%. feed was the same (about 0.88). The test period was 75 D, in which the pre trial period 15 D. was at the end of each trial period (i.e. 150 days and 180 days of age), and 1 sheep were randomly selected from each treatment group (4 sheep in each treatment group), and the contents of the rumen were collected and measured. The content of pH and VFA, genomic DNA extracted from the tumor gastric juice, and some genomic DNA samples were measured by absolute real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the other was determined by second generation sequencing technology to determine the structure of the bacterial community in the rumen of the beach sheep and predict the related functions. The results showed that 1, in 150 and 180. At the age of age, the number of only S.ruminantium was significantly different (P0.05); the number of P.ruminicola, R.flavefaciens and S.dextrinisolvens increased significantly with the increase of dietary nutrition level (P0.05). In addition, the correlation analysis showed that there was a mutual promotion of.2 between different rumen bacteria (species classification level), and the pH of the gastric juice of the Tan sheep was not affected by the age of day and age. The effect of dietary nutrition level (P0.05), but the proportion of different dietary nutrition levels had a significant influence on the proportion of VFA. Among them, the content of acetic acid decreased significantly with the increase of dietary nutrition level (P0.05), while the proportion of butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valerate and isovaleric acid accounted for a significant upward trend (P0.05). The proportion of propionic acid and V.parvula The number showed a significant positive correlation (r=0.42, P0.05), while the number of valerate and V.parvula was significantly negative correlation (r=-0.53, P0.01).3. The 16 gate taxonomy and 133 taxonomy of the rumen bacteria of the beach sheep were obtained. Among them, the number of Firmicutes gate, Bacteroidetes gate and Proteobacteria gate was the most, and with the nutrition level of the diet. The number of Bacteroidetes gates and Proteobacteria doors increased linearly (P0.05), while the number of Firmicutes gates decreased linearly (P0.05).Butyrivibrio, and the content of Saccharofermentans and Pseudobutyrivibrio genera linearly decreased with the increase of dietary nutrition level (P0.05), while Prevotella, Pre, Pre. The content of votellaceae_uncultured and Succinivibrio genera showed a linear increase (P0.05). Through functional prediction, it was found that the proportion of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism was larger, and the proportion of genes related to amino acid metabolism increased linearly with the increase of dietary nutrition level (P0.05). Compared with day age, the number of rumen microbes and the VFA content were significantly affected by the diet of different nutrition levels. The number of bacteria in the rumen (gate, genus, species and species) changed with the increase of dietary nutrition level. In addition, this experiment also predicted the potential function of the rumen bacteria related basis family. The first study of bacterial composition provides the basis for improving the efficiency of energy and protein utilization in Tan sheep diets.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S826.5

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 焦玉萍,徐向陽,崔海軍;雞日糧營養(yǎng)水平與免疫機(jī)能[J];河南畜牧獸醫(yī);2002年06期

2 林其驟;趙萬里;;日糧營養(yǎng)水平與禽蛋質(zhì)量[J];家禽;1982年02期

3 雷風(fēng),高士爭;日糧營養(yǎng)水平對雞免疫功能的影響[J];中國家禽;2000年07期

4 徐英;李石友;李琦華;余紅心;;雞品種與日糧營養(yǎng)水平對脂肪酸的影響[J];飼料研究;2007年06期

5 何健,馮光德,豆松方,吳承林,楊玉峰,李自金;降低蛋鴨日糧營養(yǎng)水平添加酶制劑的應(yīng)用效果研究[J];糧食與飼料工業(yè);2001年09期

6 梁遠(yuǎn)東 ,吳寶媚 ,覃春麗 ,韋雄文 ,陸世財;日糧營養(yǎng)水平對地方品種雞生長發(fā)育的影響[J];中國飼料;2003年17期

7 張擁軍;石素梅;;日糧營養(yǎng)水平對狼山雞肉用性能的影響[J];畜牧獸醫(yī)科技信息;2007年12期

8 程美玲,高士爭;日糧營養(yǎng)水平對雞免疫功能的影響[J];飼料工業(yè);2000年11期

9 厲麗華,陳巧芬,徐定澤,金春國;降低肉豬日糧營養(yǎng)水平添加酶制劑的應(yīng)用效果試驗[J];浙江畜牧獸醫(yī);2003年03期

10 杜宇;林熾賢;;肉用雛雞日糧營養(yǎng)水平與采食量的關(guān)系[J];瓊州大學(xué)學(xué)報;2007年02期

相關(guān)會議論文 前3條

1 趙峰;張宏福;張子儀;侯水生;;日糧營養(yǎng)水平對鴨空腸液組成的影響[A];中國畜牧獸醫(yī)學(xué)會2008年學(xué)術(shù)年會暨第六屆全國畜牧獸醫(yī)青年科技工作者學(xué)術(shù)研討會論文集[C];2008年

2 楊衛(wèi)東;沈贊明;;日糧營養(yǎng)水平對山羊瘤胃上皮鈉氫交換蛋白基因表達(dá)的影響及其機(jī)制[A];全國動物生理生化第十一次學(xué)術(shù)交流會論文摘要匯編[C];2010年

3 張作仁;熊金洲;聞群英;后家根;戴猛;戢正萍;朱曾武;趙正潤;;提高日糧營養(yǎng)水平對馬頭山羊育成效果的比較試驗[A];中國畜牧獸醫(yī)學(xué)會養(yǎng)羊?qū)W分會全國養(yǎng)羊生產(chǎn)與學(xué)術(shù)研討會議論文集[C];2005年

相關(guān)重要報紙文章 前1條

1 焦玉萍 徐向陽 崔海軍;雞日糧營養(yǎng)水平與免疫機(jī)能[N];中國畜牧報;2002年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 張少成;不同日糧營養(yǎng)水平添加酵母濃縮物對羅斯肉雞營養(yǎng)代謝的影響[D];廣東海洋大學(xué);2014年

，

本文編號：2049379