本文選題：馬圓形線蟲 + 馬尖尾線蟲　； 參考：《黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：馬圓形線蟲（Strongylus equinus）是寄生于馬、騾、驢等馬屬動物結(jié)腸和盲腸內(nèi)的一種線蟲，引起貧血、腹瀉、水腫等癥狀。馬尖尾線蟲(Oxyuris equi)俗稱馬蟯蟲，也寄生于馬、驢等馬屬動物的結(jié)腸和盲腸內(nèi)，引起胃腸道障礙、營養(yǎng)不良、消瘦等癥狀。感染兩種線蟲均能導(dǎo)致馬屬動物生產(chǎn)性能的下降，且廣泛流行于世界各地，給畜牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)造成嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。目前對馬圓形線蟲和馬尖尾線蟲的研究僅限于蟲體形態(tài)學(xué)、流行病學(xué)、病原診斷及綜合防治等方面，而關(guān)于兩者的線粒體基因組序列分析及進(jìn)化的研究還未見報(bào)道。 本研究首先從自然感染的馬大腸內(nèi)采集馬圓形線蟲和馬尖尾線蟲蟲體，經(jīng)形態(tài)學(xué)鑒定后，采用步移PCR方法擴(kuò)增馬圓形線蟲和馬尖尾線蟲線粒體全基因組，同時(shí)進(jìn)行序列分析。結(jié)果表明，獲得的馬圓形線蟲和馬尖尾線蟲線粒體基因組全長分別為14545bp和13641bp，均含有12個蛋白編碼基因（protein-coding gene）、2個rRNA基因（rRNA gene）、22個tRNA基因以及分別為3個（馬圓形線蟲）和1個（馬尖尾線蟲）非編碼區(qū)（noncodingregion）。馬圓形線蟲線粒體全基因組核苷酸組成為：A=31.06%, G=15.72%, C=6.18%,T=47.07%, A+T含量為78.10%。馬尖尾線蟲線粒體全基因組核苷酸組成為：A=18.89%,G=26.31%, C=5.87%, T=48.93%, A+T含量為67.82%。馬圓形線蟲的線粒體基因組堿基組成明顯偏好堿基T和A，而馬尖尾線蟲明顯偏好堿基T和G，二者的線粒體全基因組中堿基T的含量最高，堿基C的含量最低。馬圓形線蟲的基因排列順序?qū)貵A3型，馬尖尾線蟲的基因排列順序?qū)貵A13型。 其次，利用線粒體基因組12個蛋白質(zhì)編碼基因的氨基酸序列構(gòu)建進(jìn)化系統(tǒng)發(fā)生樹，探討馬圓形線蟲和馬尖尾線蟲在線蟲中的分類地位。以串聯(lián)的12個蛋白質(zhì)編碼基因氨基酸序列為基因標(biāo)記，采MP、ML及BI法分別對兩種蟲體構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)發(fā)生樹。馬圓形線蟲的進(jìn)化樹形成兩個大的分支，，寄生于消化系統(tǒng)的線蟲為一個分支，寄生于呼吸系統(tǒng)的為另一分支；馬圓形線蟲位于消化系統(tǒng)的分支上，與普通圓線蟲的親緣關(guān)系最近。馬尖尾線蟲進(jìn)化樹也形成兩個大的分支，絲蟲目為一個分支，蛔目、圓形目和尖尾目為另一分支，且各目又單獨(dú)形成一個小的分支，馬尖尾線蟲位于尖尾目的分支上，與Wellcomia siamensis和蠕形住腸線蟲有較近的親緣關(guān)系。 通過本研究，首次獲得了馬圓形線蟲和馬尖尾線蟲的線粒體全基因組序列，進(jìn)一步豐富了寄生線蟲的線粒體基因組庫。同時(shí)，基于線粒體基因氨基酸序列構(gòu)建的系統(tǒng)發(fā)生樹，從分子水平上探討馬圓形線蟲和馬尖尾線蟲在線蟲中的分類地位和進(jìn)化關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:Strongylus equinus) is a nematode parasitic in the colon and cecum of horses, mules, donkeys, and so on, causing anemia, diarrhea, edema and other symptoms. Oxyuris equi) commonly known as pinworm, also parasitic in the colonic and cecum of horses, such as horses, donkeys, causing gastrointestinal disorders, malnutrition, wasting and other symptoms. The infection of two nematode species can lead to the decline of the production performance of equine, and it is widespread all over the world, causing serious economic loss to animal husbandry production. At present, the studies on the nematodes and nematodes are limited to the aspects of morphology, epidemiology, pathogen diagnosis and integrated control. However, the studies on their mitochondrial genome sequence analysis and evolution have not been reported. In this study, the circular nematode and the nematode were collected from the naturally infected large intestine of the horse. After morphological identification, the whole mitochondrial genome of the circular nematode and the nematode were amplified by step polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the sequence analysis was carried out at the same time. The results show that The full-length mitochondrial genomes of nematode rotunda and nematode equina were 14545bp and 13641 BP, respectively, containing 12 protein coding genes, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and three rRNA genes and one rRNA gene, respectively. The noncoding region of Nematomyces cuspidata is noncoding region. The nucleotide composition of the whole mitochondrial genome of nematode rotunda was: 1: An31.06.The content of T was 78.10, and the content of T was 78.10. The nucleotide composition of the whole mitochondrial genome of nematode equina was: 1: A0 18.89 and GN 26.31. The content of T was 67.82, and the content of T was 48.93, and the content of T was 67.82. The base composition of mitochondrial genome of nematode equina was obviously preferred to base T and A, while the content of base T and G in the whole mitochondrial genome was the highest, and the content of base C was the lowest in the whole mitochondrial genome. The gene sequence of rotund nematode belongs to GA3 type, and the gene sequence of P. equina belongs to GA13 type. Secondly, phylogenetic tree was constructed by using amino acid sequences of 12 protein coding genes in mitochondrial genome, and the taxonomic status of rotund nematode and online nematode was discussed. The phylogenetic tree of 12 protein coding genes were constructed by MPN ML and BI method respectively using the amino acid sequences of 12 protein coding genes as gene markers. The evolutionary tree of the orbicular nematode forms two large branches, one branch of the nematode parasitic to the digestive system and the other branch of the respiratory system; the nematode is located on the branch of the digestive system. It has the closest relationship with the common nematode. The phylogenetic tree also forms two large branches, one branch of filariformes, another branch of orbicular and acuminata, and a small branch of each order, and the nematode is located on the branch of the order Acanthoptera. It has close relationship with Wellcomia siamensis and peristaltic nematode. In this study, the whole mitochondrial genome sequences were obtained for the first time, which further enriched the mitochondrial genome library of parasitic nematodes. At the same time, the phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the amino acid sequence of mitochondrial gene. The taxonomic position and evolutionary relationship of rotund nematode and online nematode were discussed from the molecular level.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S852.7

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