本文選題：豬 + 支氣管動脈　； 參考：《甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：為了研究豬支氣管動脈(BA)立體結(jié)構(gòu)分布和微血管構(gòu)筑特征,采用支氣管動脈獨立鑄型方法、聯(lián)合鑄型方法、墨汁明膠切片方法和掃描電鏡技術(shù),對豬BA起源、分枝走行特征、分布規(guī)律、血液回流途徑和微血管構(gòu)筑特征進行了研究,研究結(jié)果如下:1.建立了用ABS(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)鑄型技術(shù)構(gòu)建豬支氣管動脈宏觀和微觀鑄型標本的方法,獲得了豬支氣管動脈獨立和聯(lián)合鑄型標本。2.探明了豬支氣管動脈立體結(jié)構(gòu)特征。豬支氣管動脈有1~3支,其中1支型最多。1支型支氣管動脈干的管徑顯著的大于2支型(P0.05)。支氣管動脈在胸主動脈上的開口以單開為主,兩個開口只占28.6%。肺門處1支型支氣管動脈主要分為后升支、右前降支、前降支和左前降支。支氣管動脈入肺后,主干向各方向分別發(fā)出右尖葉支氣管動脈、左前背測支氣管動脈、左主支氣管動脈、左前降支支氣管動脈、右前背測支氣管動脈和右主支氣管動脈。每個肺段有1~3支支氣管動脈,以2支型為主,兩支并列平行蛇形彎曲沿支氣管延伸。尖葉、心葉和副葉肺段支氣管動脈數(shù)目恒定,分支走行差異不顯著。隔葉肺段支氣管動脈數(shù)目不恒定,背側(cè)、腹側(cè)、外側(cè)和內(nèi)側(cè)四個肺段支氣管動脈系統(tǒng)有3支型、4支型等不同類型,而且背側(cè)和外側(cè)支氣管有單分枝型、二分枝型、三分枝型和四分枝型等分枝型式。支氣管動脈以4種方式供應胸膜,而且支氣管動脈在肺內(nèi)發(fā)生廣泛吻合,形式多樣。肺靜脈可能是豬支氣管動脈的一個主要回流途徑。3.探明了胸膜面支氣管動脈微血管的分布特征。比較分析胸膜的墨汁明膠組織鋪片和ABS掃描電鏡觀察結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):支氣管動脈形成胸膜表面和胸膜下兩層血管網(wǎng)。胸膜表面血管網(wǎng)的特點是:血管網(wǎng)比較稀疏,網(wǎng)孔粗大,網(wǎng)孔呈多邊形,管徑粗大,血管之間形成廣泛的吻合。微血管主干管徑比較大,大部分血管管徑在30-60um之間。從主干血管發(fā)出的分支比較少,兩分支之間的夾角比較大,其角度大于90°。胸膜下血管網(wǎng)的特點是:多種來源的支氣管動脈血管形成一層平整、大小均一、致密的網(wǎng)格狀胸膜下毛細血管網(wǎng)。其管徑大小約為8-10um,毛細血管網(wǎng)孔形態(tài)一般為不規(guī)則的5-7邊形,每個網(wǎng)孔與周圍4-6個網(wǎng)孔吻合。支氣管動脈在胸膜下形成毛細血管網(wǎng)分枝延伸路徑有顯著的一致性,長度差異不顯著,血管大小差異也不顯著。4.探明了支氣管動脈在各級支氣管的分布規(guī)律。比較觀察墨汁明膠切片和掃描電鏡發(fā)現(xiàn):肺內(nèi)BA發(fā)出的細小分支也可以分布到細支氣管外膜、粘膜下層和粘膜固有層,并在固有層形成血管網(wǎng)。BA分支組成毛細血管網(wǎng),包裹整個肺泡,因此支氣管動脈是肺泡毛細血管網(wǎng)的一個主要來源。5.探明了支氣管血管套內(nèi)外表面的微血管分布特征。支氣管血管網(wǎng)套外表面的微血管分布特征:BA主干沿支氣管走行途中向支氣管表面的方向發(fā)出許多細小的分枝。微動脈管徑在100-170um,毛細血管管徑約為8-10um,各級微動脈管徑大小差異顯著。微動脈走行過程中相對比較平直,途中發(fā)出的各級微動脈也相對比較平直,沒有形成廣泛的交通吻合,血管網(wǎng)比較稀疏。支氣管血管網(wǎng)套內(nèi)表面的微血管分布特征:內(nèi)側(cè)血管網(wǎng)比較平整而且也比較致密,并且血管網(wǎng)由多層組成。微血管網(wǎng)由來源于外表面的各級毛細血管構(gòu)成。血管網(wǎng)排列規(guī)律性和一致性都比較強,但是網(wǎng)孔大小和形態(tài)差異顯著。網(wǎng)孔形態(tài)多種多樣,其網(wǎng)孔直徑最大可以達到200um,最小的網(wǎng)孔僅僅只有8-15um。
[Abstract]:In order to study the stereoscopic structure and microvascular architecture of the porcine bronchial artery (BA), the independent casting method of bronchial artery, the combined casting method, the ink gelatin slice method and the scanning electron microscope technique were used to study the origin of the pig BA, the characteristics of branching, distribution, blood reflux and microvascular architecture, and the results of the study. As follows: 1. the method of establishing the macroscopic and microscopic cast specimen of porcine bronchial artery with ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) casting technique was established. The independent and joint cast specimen.2. of porcine bronchial artery was obtained to identify the stereoscopic structure characteristics of the porcine bronchial artery. The porcine bronchial artery had 1~3 branches, of which 1 types were most.1 bronchogram. The diameter of the vein stem was significantly greater than that of the 2 branches (P0.05). The opening of the bronchial artery on the thoracic aorta was dominated by a single opening. The two openings accounted for only 1 types of bronchial arteries at the pulmonary portal of 28.6%., which were mainly divided into the posterior ascending branch, the right anterior descending branch, the anterior descending branch and the left anterior descending branch. The bronchial artery, the left main bronchus artery, the left anterior descending bronchi artery, the right anterior dorsal branch of the bronchial artery and the right main bronchial artery were measured on the left anterior back. There were 1~3 bronchi arteries in each segment of the lung. The two branches were parallel serpents bending along the bronchus. The number of bronchi arteries in the central lobe and the paraport lobe was constant. The number of bronchial arteries in the pulmonary segment of the septum was not constant. The four types of bronchial artery system in the dorsal, ventral, lateral and medial bronchi were 3, 4, and the dorsal and lateral bronchi had a single branch, two branching, three branching and four branching types. The bronchial artery supplied the chest in 4 ways. The pulmonary veins may be a major reflux pathway of the porcine bronchial artery, and the pulmonary veins may be a major reflux pathway for the porcine bronchial artery. The distribution characteristics of the vascular microvessels in the pleural facial and bronchial arteries are detected by.3.. The comparison and analysis of the pleural ink gelatin tissue and the ABS scanning electrical microscope findings show that the bronchial artery forms the pleura. Two layers of vascular network under the surface and the pleura. The characteristics of the vascular network of the pleural surface are: the vascular network is sparse, the mesh is coarse, the mesh is polygonal, the diameter of the tube is large and the blood vessels are widely anastomosed. The microvascular trunk diameter is larger and most of the vascular diameters are between 30-60um. The branches from the main blood vessels are less, the clip between the two branches is the clip. The angle is larger and its angle is greater than 90 degrees. The characteristics of the subpleural vascular network are that a variety of bronchial arteries form a flat, uniform, compact meshlike subpleural capillary network. The diameter of the vascular network is about 8-10um, and the morphology of the capillary mesh is generally irregular 5-7 sides, and each mesh hole is anastomosed with the surrounding 4-6 mesh holes. There was significant consistency in the branching extension path of the capillary network under the pleura. The length difference was not significant and the difference of the size of the blood vessel was not significant. The distribution of bronchial arteries at all levels was not detected by.4.. A comparative observation of ink gelatin slices and scanning electron microscopy: the small branches of BA in the lungs could also be distributed. The outer membrane of the bronchioles, the submucosa and the lamina propria, and the formation of the capillary network of the.BA branch of the vascular network in the lamina propria, encapsulated the whole alveoli. Therefore, the bronchial artery is a major source of the alveolar capillary network (.5.) to identify the microvascular distribution of the inner and outer surface of the bronchial vessel. The outer surface of the bronchial vascular network The characteristics of microvascular distribution: the BA trunk sends many fine branches to the direction of the bronchial surface along the way along the bronchus. The microarterial diameter is 100-170um, the capillary diameter is about 8-10um, and the size of the Microartery diameter varies significantly at all levels. The microarteries are relatively flat during the course of the arteriole, and the microarteries at all levels are relatively flat on the way. Straight, there is no extensive traffic anastomosis. The vascular network is sparse. The microvascular distribution of the inner surface of the bronchial vascular network: the inner vascular network is relatively smooth and compact, and the vascular network is composed of multilayer. The microvascular network originates from the capillary blood tubes of the outer surface. The regularity and consistency of the vascular network arrangement are all compared. However, the mesh size and morphology varied significantly, and the mesh size varied. The maximum diameter of mesh could reach 200um, and the smallest mesh was only 8-15um..
【學位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S828

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