本文選題：益生素 + 16s��； 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國是個畜牧養(yǎng)殖大國,在養(yǎng)殖過程中畜禽細(xì)菌性疾病基本上都是用抗生素治療,隨著抗生素的大量使用,一系列的問題也隨之產(chǎn)生:抗生素在解決病原菌、抑制殺滅病原菌的同時,也使病原微生物產(chǎn)生了對抗生素的耐藥性,據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)部報道,目前,幾乎沒有一種抗生素不存在耐藥現(xiàn)象,病原菌耐藥菌株的形成已經(jīng)成了一個全球性熱烈討論及難以解決的問題,耐藥性的形成不僅使抗生素的療效降低,治療用藥物劑量增大、疾病的復(fù)發(fā)率升高、治療周期延長,而會引起疾病并發(fā)癥,導(dǎo)致動物死亡率升高等。尋找一種抗生素的替代品成為了比較迫切的問題,其中微生態(tài)制劑最先被推到了最前沿,那么,微生態(tài)是否能起到人們期待的效果呢?因此筆者從飼喂益生菌后的蛋雞腸道分離了有益菌---枯草芽孢桿菌,還研究了飼喂益生菌后對肉雞和蛋雞的生產(chǎn)性能、糞便排泄指標(biāo)以及其他各指標(biāo)的影響并進(jìn)行差異顯著性分析。本實(shí)驗(yàn)通過對蛋雞腸道有益菌的分離、染色鏡檢、生化試驗(yàn)、16s rRNA測序并通過NCBI的Blast檢索系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行序列同源性分析,然后與從GenBank數(shù)據(jù)庫中獲得的枯草芽孢桿菌的16s rRNA序列進(jìn)行多序列匹配,采用鄰接法構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化樹,還對肉雞的料肉比,蛋雞的料蛋比、蛋重、抗體效價、血細(xì)胞成分以及糞便排泄指標(biāo)中的粗蛋白、灰分、鈣、磷等指標(biāo)進(jìn)行測定,試驗(yàn)中主要采用凱式定氮法、高錳酸鉀法等。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:蛋雞腸道分離的有益菌菌株經(jīng)16s rRNA基因測序序列與枯草芽孢桿菌D53株的同源性為99%以上,表明有益菌能在雞腸道存在并分離,從而發(fā)揮作用。蛋雞試驗(yàn)結(jié)果:使用益生菌后,試驗(yàn)組2組和3組的蛋重與對照組的差異顯著(P0.05),試驗(yàn)組的蛋重比對照組的蛋重大0.96-2.5g;在次(破、軟)蛋率上,實(shí)驗(yàn)2組和3組與對照組相比差異顯著(P0.05),試驗(yàn)組比對照組降低23.9%-28.4%;在料蛋比上,試驗(yàn)1組和3組與對照組相比差異顯著(P0.05),試驗(yàn)組比對照組降低4.65%,蛋殼厚度和蛋長寬比差異不顯著;糞便排泄指標(biāo)成分測定結(jié)果顯示:試驗(yàn)組灰分、Ca的含量與對照組差異顯著(P0.05),試驗(yàn)組的灰分百分含量比對照組高了4.4個百分點(diǎn);試驗(yàn)組的Ca百分含量小于對照組,比對照組低了1個百分點(diǎn);磷的含量差異不顯著(P0.05),但從數(shù)據(jù)上看,試驗(yàn)組的百分含量小于對照組;試驗(yàn)組的ND、H5、H9的抗體效價比對照組效價高;實(shí)驗(yàn)組的淋巴細(xì)胞數(shù)與對照組差異顯著(P0.05),白細(xì)胞總數(shù)、淋巴細(xì)胞數(shù)、中間細(xì)胞以及粒細(xì)胞數(shù)與對照組差異不顯著,但數(shù)值上實(shí)驗(yàn)組比對照組數(shù)量大。從以上試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:蛋雞使用益生素后能增加蛋的質(zhì)量和品質(zhì),降低料蛋比,降低次(破、軟)蛋率;能提高飼料吸收率;提高雞體的抗病力、免疫保護(hù)力。在肉雞實(shí)驗(yàn)中,使用益生菌后能降低肉雞的料肉比,能保持腸道菌群平衡,增加飼料中蛋白、鈣、磷的吸收,減少營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的排放,減少生產(chǎn)成本,提高養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。
[Abstract]:China is a big animal breeding country. In the process of breeding, the bacterial diseases of livestock and poultry are basically treated with antibiotics. With the use of antibiotics, a series of problems are also produced: antibiotics are used to solve pathogenic bacteria, inhibit the killing of pathogenic bacteria, and also cause the pathogenic microorganism to produce antibiotic resistance. According to the Ministry of agriculture, the Ministry of Agriculture reported that At present, there is almost no antibiotic resistance, and the formation of drug-resistant strains of pathogens has become a global and difficult problem. The formation of drug resistance not only reduces the efficacy of antibiotics, increases the dosage of the drug, increases the recurrence rate of the disease, and prolongs the treatment cycle, which will cause the disease and cause the disease. It is an urgent problem to find an alternative to an antibiotic, and the microecology is the first to be pushed to the forefront. Then, can microecology be expected to be expected? So I isolated the beneficial bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, from the gut of the egg chicken fed by the probiotics. The effect of probiotics on the production performance, fecal excretion index and other indexes after feeding probiotics was studied and the difference was analyzed. This experiment was carried out by sequencing of the beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract, staining microscopy, biochemical test, 16S rRNA sequencing and the sequence homology analysis through the Blast retrieval system of NCBI, and then, The 16S rRNA sequence of Bacillus subtilis obtained from the GenBank database was matched by multiple sequences, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed by adjacency method. The indexes of meat and meat ratio, egg weight, egg weight, antibody titer, blood cell composition and fecal excretion index were measured. The results showed that the homology of the beneficial bacteria isolated from the gut of the laying hens was more than 99% by the sequence of 16S rRNA gene sequencing and D53 strain of Bacillus subtilis D53. The results showed that the beneficial bacteria could exist and separate in the chicken gut. The results of the egg laying test: after the use of probiotics, 2 groups and 3 groups of the test group were used. The egg weight of the test group was significantly different from the control group (P0.05). The egg weight of the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group. On the second (broken, soft) egg rate, the 2 and 3 groups were significantly different from the control group (P0.05), and the experimental group was lower than the control group (23.9%-28.4%); the 1 groups and 3 groups were significantly different from the control group (P0.05), and the test group was compared with the control group (P0.05). The control group decreased by 4.65%, the thickness of eggshell and the egg length width ratio of the control group was not significant. The results of the fecal excretion indexes showed that the ash content of the test group was significantly different from the control group (P0.05), the ash content of the test group was 4.4 percentage points higher than that of the control group, and the Ca percent content of the test group was less than the control group, which was 1 100% lower than the control group. The difference of phosphorus content was not significant (P0.05), but from the data, the percentage of test group was less than that of the control group; the antibody titer of ND, H5 and H9 in the experimental group was higher than the control group; the number of lymphocyte in the experimental group was significantly different from the control group (P0.05), the total number of leukocytes, the number of lymphocytes, the intermediate cells and the number of granulocytes were different from the control group. It is not significant, but the number of the experimental group is larger than the control group. The results from the above test show that the use of probiotics can increase the quality and quality of eggs, reduce the ratio of egg to eggs, reduce the rate of secondary (broken, soft) eggs, improve the feed absorption rate, improve the resistance and immunity of the chicken body. In the broiler experiment, the use of probiotics can reduce the broiler. The ratio of meat and meat can maintain the balance of intestinal flora, increase the absorption of protein, calcium and phosphorus in the feed, reduce the emission of nutrients, reduce the production cost, and improve the economic benefit of the breeding industry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S831.5

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