發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-15 13:00

  本文選題：奶牛乳房炎 + 葡萄球菌�。� 參考：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：奶牛乳房炎是奶牛最常發(fā)生的疾病之一,給養(yǎng)殖業(yè)帶來(lái)了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,而病原菌感染是奶牛乳房炎最主要的病因。為了了解內(nèi)蒙古不同地區(qū)引起奶牛乳房炎的主要病原菌及其耐藥性情況,本研究對(duì)內(nèi)蒙古不同地區(qū)三個(gè)規(guī)模化奶牛場(chǎng)采集的330份樣本進(jìn)行了葡萄球菌和鏈球菌的分離培養(yǎng)和鑒定,共得到174株葡萄球菌和24株鏈球菌,分離率為52.73%(174/330),7.27%(24/330)。以產(chǎn)色、金黃色葡萄球菌和無(wú)乳、停乳及乳房鏈球菌為研究對(duì)象,采用脈沖場(chǎng)凝膠電泳技術(shù)(PFGE)分析2種葡萄球菌和3種鏈球菌菌株的親緣性,從51株葡萄球菌中獲得34株不同克隆譜型的葡萄球菌(包括18株金黃色葡萄球菌,16株產(chǎn)色葡萄球菌),從24株鏈球菌中獲得16株不同譜型的的鏈球菌(10株無(wú)乳鏈球菌,3株停乳鏈球菌及3株乳房鏈球菌),并對(duì)其中8株金黃色葡萄球菌進(jìn)行多位點(diǎn)序列(MLST)分型,其分型結(jié)果與PFGE分型結(jié)果一致。本研究選取12種抗生素對(duì)40株P(guān)FGE譜型不同的優(yōu)勢(shì)代表株進(jìn)行藥敏實(shí)驗(yàn),檢測(cè)菌株的耐藥表型及相關(guān)耐藥基因。結(jié)果顯示:金黃色葡萄球菌對(duì)林可霉素(50%)、青霉素(62.5%)、苯唑西林(50%)耐藥率≥50%,而對(duì)萬(wàn)古霉素、泰妙菌素、沃尼妙林及氟苯尼考4種抗生素全部敏感;產(chǎn)色葡萄球菌對(duì)林可霉素(75%)和青霉素(68.75%)耐藥嚴(yán)重,而對(duì)頭孢噻呋、環(huán)丙沙星、萬(wàn)古霉素、泰妙菌素、沃尼妙林、氟苯尼考6種抗生素均敏感;16株鏈球菌對(duì)林可霉素和紅霉素耐藥率60%,對(duì)四環(huán)素耐藥率也較高(50%),但對(duì)β-內(nèi)酰胺類(lèi)藥物耐藥率相對(duì)較低,耐藥率為6%-19%。其中青霉素18.75%,而頭孢噻呋僅6.25%。而介導(dǎo)β-內(nèi)酰胺類(lèi)抗生素相關(guān)耐藥基因主要為bla Z基因,介導(dǎo)林可霉素類(lèi)抗生素相關(guān)耐藥基因主要為lnu(A)和lnu(B)基因,介導(dǎo)大環(huán)內(nèi)酯類(lèi)抗生素耐藥基因主要為erm(B),介導(dǎo)四環(huán)素類(lèi)抗生素相關(guān)耐藥基因主要為tet(M),tet(O),tet(L)。3株乳房鏈球菌存在介導(dǎo)多重耐藥lsa(E)基因,且均位于染色體上,可在菌間進(jìn)行垂直傳播。本研究為內(nèi)蒙古地區(qū)由葡萄球菌和鏈球菌引發(fā)的奶牛乳房炎的診斷提供依據(jù),也能為疾病的預(yù)防和控制提供必要的理論基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Cow mastitis is one of the most common diseases in dairy cows, which brings huge economic losses to the breeding industry, and the pathogen infection is the main cause of dairy cow mastitis. In order to understand the main pathogens and drug resistance of dairy cow mastitis in different areas of Inner Mongolia, In this study, a total of 174 staphylococci and 24 streptococcus strains were isolated and identified from 330 samples collected from three large-scale dairy farms in different areas of Inner Mongolia. Two strains of Staphylococcus aureus (Staphylococcus aureus) and three strains of Streptococcus brevis (Streptococcus brevis) were analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). 34 strains of Staphylococcus (including 18 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 16 strains of Staphylococcus chromogenin) and 16 strains of Streptococcus spp (from 24 strains of Streptococcus spp.) were obtained from 51 strains of Staphylococcus. 10 strains of Streptococcus spp without lactobacillus were obtained. Three strains of Streptococcus brevis and three strains of Streptococcus brevis were isolated from Staphylococcus aureus, and 8 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were classified by multilocus sequence analysis (MLST). The results of classification were consistent with those of PFGE. In this study, a total of 12 antibiotics were selected to test the susceptibility of 40 representative strains with different PFGE patterns to identify the phenotypes of drug resistance and related drug resistance genes. The results showed that the resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus to lincomycin 50, penicillin 62.5 and oxacillin 50 was more than 50, but sensitive to vancomycin, tymitin, Vannimarin and florfenicol. Staphylococcus chromogens is highly resistant to lincomycin (75) and penicillin (68.75), and to cefotioxime, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, tymycin, and Vannimarin, and to cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, and vanimicin. Sixteen strains of streptococcus were sensitive to lincomycin and erythromycin, and 50% to tetracycline, but the resistance rate to 尾 -lactam was relatively low. Penicillin 18.75 and ceftiofuroxime only 6.25. However, bla Z gene is the main gene that mediates 尾 -lactam antibiotic related resistance, and Lnuan gene and Lnun B gene are the main genes that mediate lincomycin antibiotic related drug resistance. The major genes that mediate the resistance of macrolide antibiotics are ermmbium and tetracycline antibiotics related resistance genes mainly exist in Streptococcus mastifolia. 3 strains of Streptococcus brevis, which are located on chromosomes and can be transmitted vertically between bacteria. This study provides a basis for the diagnosis of cow mastitis caused by staphylococcus and streptococcus in Inner Mongolia, and also provides the necessary theoretical basis for disease prevention and control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S858.23

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