本文選題：堆肥 + 病死畜禽　； 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)生活水平的提高,人們對(duì)肉蛋奶的需求越來(lái)越大,規(guī)�；B(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)數(shù)量不斷增加,以此帶來(lái)的糞便、污水、病死畜禽污越來(lái)越多,已經(jīng)成為我國(guó)環(huán)境污染的主要污染源之一,我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的糞污、病死畜禽處理方式投資大、成本高、容易傳播疾病。本研究圍繞規(guī)�；笄蒺B(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)廢棄物處理的問(wèn)題,研究以稻殼和鋸末組成的墊料高溫腐熟堆制無(wú)害化處理病死畜禽,并以山東省為例估算不同種植模式下土地適宜載畜量,為規(guī)�；笄蒺B(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)廢棄物處理與資源化利用提供理論依據(jù)。試驗(yàn)一研究了墊料基質(zhì)變化規(guī)律。選取新使用、已使用7個(gè)月和已使用10個(gè)月墊料池,取表層及30cm、60cm和90cm處的墊料分析,結(jié)果表明,水分由上層至下層顯著升高(P0.05),新使用墊料pH較低,使用后墊料的pH值顯著升高(P0.05),處理過(guò)程中C/N顯著降低(P0.05),使用后墊料有機(jī)質(zhì)顯著高于新使用墊料(P0.05)。試驗(yàn)二研究了墊料處理病死畜禽參數(shù)。于冬季、春季、夏季分別選取已使用0、7、10個(gè)月,已使用5、15個(gè)月,已使用8、18個(gè)月墊料池定量埋入病死豬,選取接種菌種的墊料池和未接種菌種的墊料池定量埋入病死雞,記錄墊料表層、30cm、60cm和室溫溫度變化,同時(shí)在埋入第1、3、7、14、21、28d采集埋入點(diǎn)墊料樣品及測(cè)定畜禽尸體的降解率。結(jié)果表明,表層溫度較低,30cm處溫度最高,高溫維持55℃以上可達(dá)3周左右;隨發(fā)酵時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)墊料水分顯著降低(P0.05),pH顯著升高(P0.05),C/N顯著降低(P0.05),有機(jī)質(zhì)含量無(wú)顯著變化(P0.05);病死畜禽尸體大約3~4周被完全分解;接種菌種與不接種菌種兩組之間無(wú)顯著差異(P0.05),但接種菌種組分解病死雞尸體更徹底。試驗(yàn)三研究了處理過(guò)程對(duì)有害微生物的殺滅作用。以大腸桿菌為指示微生物,于冬季、春季分別選取已使用0、7、10個(gè)月,已使用5、15個(gè)月墊料的表層、30cm、60cm、90cm進(jìn)行采樣和測(cè)定,結(jié)果表明,只有在部分墊料表層檢測(cè)到大腸桿菌陽(yáng)性,墊料產(chǎn)生的高溫能有效地殺滅病原微生物,實(shí)現(xiàn)病死畜禽的無(wú)害化處理。試驗(yàn)四研究了墊料可利用時(shí)間。選取新使用的墊料池,自墊料啟用開(kāi)始,分別于使用前及使用的第1、3、5、7、9、11個(gè)月的月末取表層及30cm、60cm和90cm處樣品進(jìn)行分析測(cè)定,結(jié)果表明,在第7個(gè)月,p H開(kāi)始顯著升高(P0.05),墊料C/N開(kāi)始顯著降低(P0.05),有機(jī)質(zhì)無(wú)顯著變化,結(jié)果提示,墊料微生物活動(dòng)在第7個(gè)月因缺少碳源開(kāi)始下降,不能有效地分解有機(jī)質(zhì),因此墊料可利用時(shí)間大約為7個(gè)月。試驗(yàn)五研究了不同種植模式下最適土地載畜量。根據(jù)農(nóng)牧生態(tài)平衡和農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)養(yǎng)分循環(huán)利用原則,分析了糧食種植、果樹(shù)種植和蔬菜種植三種土地利用模式下作物氮、磷養(yǎng)分的需要量和畜禽生產(chǎn)廢棄物中氮磷養(yǎng)分含量,根據(jù)耕地養(yǎng)分平衡原理,建立了耕地養(yǎng)分平衡模型,確定了不同種植模式下單位面積土地消納畜禽糞污的能力和載畜量,提出了土地不同種植模式下單位養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模需匹配的農(nóng)田面積。結(jié)果表明,蔬菜種植模式土地載畜量最高,大棚種植模式下平均為4.5豬單位/ha,露地種植模式下平均為3.8豬單位/ha;果樹(shù)種植(蘋(píng)果)載畜量最低,為1.2豬單位/ha;冬小麥-夏玉米模式下,不考慮秸稈還田,載畜量可達(dá)3.9豬單位/ha,如果考慮秸稈還田,則載畜量相應(yīng)降低。以循環(huán)利用方式消納1000頭能繁母豬規(guī)模的自繁自養(yǎng)豬場(chǎng)所產(chǎn)生的廢棄物,蔬菜種植模式下所需匹配土地面積最少(西紅柿-黃瓜輪作的大棚種植模式需要188.7 ha),蘋(píng)果種植所需的匹配土地面積最多,需要匹配833.3 ha;不考慮秸稈還田,小麥-玉米輪作種植模式下,需要匹配的種植土地為256.4 ha。綜上所述,利用墊料高溫腐熟堆制可以實(shí)現(xiàn)病死畜禽的無(wú)害化處理;根據(jù)“養(yǎng)殖-種植”循環(huán)利用模式確定了耕地載畜量參數(shù)為1.2~4.5豬單位/ha,該參數(shù)為畜禽養(yǎng)殖區(qū)域規(guī)劃、養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)廢棄物處理與利用和土地養(yǎng)分管理提供了依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of the living standard of our country, the demand for meat and egg milk is increasing, and the number of large-scale breeding farms is increasing, which brings more and more feces, sewage and dead livestock and poultry. It has become one of the main pollution sources in our country. The traditional fecal pollution in our country is high in investment, high in cost and easy to pass on. This study focuses on the problem of waste disposal in large-scale livestock farms, and studies the harmless treatment of sick and dead livestock and poultry with high temperature decomposing padding of rice husk and sawdust, and takes Shandong as an example to estimate the appropriate land carrying capacity of land under different planting patterns, and provides a rational use of waste disposal and resource utilization in large-scale livestock and poultry farms. On the basis of the experiment, the change law of mat material matrix was studied. A new use was selected for 7 months and 10 months in the cushion pool. The surface and 30cm, 60cm and 90cm were analyzed. The results showed that the moisture from the upper to the lower (P0.05), the new used cushion pH was lower, the pH value of the cushion material increased significantly (P0.05) and the treatment process. C/N was significantly lower (P0.05), and the organic matter in the post mats was significantly higher than that of the new use pad (P0.05). Test two studied the parameters of the sick and dead livestock and poultry. In winter, spring, and summer, it was used for 0,7,10 months respectively, and had been used for 5,15 months. The fixed amount of 8,18 month cushion pool was buried in the dead pig, and the padding pool and not the inoculated fungus were selected. The fixed amount of the padding pool inoculated with the inoculation was buried in the dead chicken, recorded the surface layer of the cushion, 30cm, 60cm and the temperature of the room temperature. At the same time, it was buried in 1,3,7,14,21,28d to collect the embedded spot samples and determine the degradation rate of the livestock and poultry. The results showed that the surface temperature was low, the temperature of the 30cm was the highest, the high temperature was over 55 centigrade for up to 3 weeks, with the fermentation time. Water significantly decreased (P0.05), pH significantly increased (P0.05), C/N decreased significantly (P0.05), organic matter content was not significantly changed (P0.05); dead livestock and poultry bodies were completely decomposed for about 3~4 weeks; there was no significant difference between the two groups of inoculated and non inoculated strains (P0.05), but the inoculation group decomposed the dead chicken corpse more thoroughly. Experiment three studied The treatment process has been used for the killing of harmful microorganisms. Using Escherichia coli as a microorganism, 0,7,10 months have been used in winter and spring. The surface of 5,15 month mat, 30cm, 60cm, 90cm have been sampled and measured. The results show that the positive of Escherichia coli is detected only on the surface layer of the cushion, and the high temperature of the cushion can be effective. Kill the pathogenic microorganism and realize the harmless treatment of the sick and dead livestock and poultry. Experiment four studied the available time for the cushion material. Select the newly used cushion pool, start from the opening of the mat, and analyze the surface and the samples of 30cm, 60cm and 90cm at the end of the 1,3,5,7,9,11 month before use and the use, respectively. The result shows that, at seventh months, P H It began to increase significantly (P0.05), and the padding C/N began to decrease significantly (P0.05), and organic matter had no significant changes. The results suggested that the microbial activity of padding began to decline in seventh months because of the lack of carbon source, and the organic matter could not be effectively decomposed. Therefore, the available time for the cushion was about 7 months. The test five studied the optimum land carrying capacity under different planting patterns. According to the ecological balance of agriculture and animal husbandry and the principle of nutrient recycling in the farmland ecosystem, the nitrogen, phosphorus nutrient requirements and the nitrogen and phosphorus content in the livestock and poultry production waste under three land use modes of grain planting, fruit planting and vegetable planting were analyzed. The nutrient balance model of cultivated land was established according to the principle of nutrient balance of cultivated land, and the model of nutrient balance was established. Under the different planting patterns, the capacity and the carrying capacity of the livestock and poultry manure were eliminated by the unit area land, and the field area needed to match the scale of the unit culture under the different planting patterns was put forward. The results showed that the land carrying capacity was the highest in the vegetable planting mode, the average of 4.5 pigs per unit /ha in the greenhouse mode, and the average of 3.8 pig units under the cropping pattern in the open field. /ha, fruit tree planting (Apple) has the lowest stocking capacity of 1.2 pig unit /ha; under winter wheat and summer corn model, without straw returning to the field, the stocking capacity can reach 3.9 pig unit /ha. If the straw is returned to the field, the carrying capacity of the animal is reduced accordingly. The waste of vegetables produced by the self breeding and self breeding site of 1000 complex sows is eliminated by the way of recycling. The pattern needs the least land area (the tomato cucumber rotation planting model needs 188.7 HA), the apple planting needs the most matching land area and the need to match 833.3 ha; the straw returning is not considered, the wheat corn rotation planting mode, the matching planting land is 256.4 ha., using the cushion high temperature decayed. The harmless disposal of the sick and dead livestock and poultry can be realized by the heap system. According to the "culture and planting" recycling mode, the parameters of the cultivated land carrying capacity of the cultivated land are 1.2~4.5 /ha, which is the regional planning of livestock and poultry breeding, and the disposal and utilization of the farm waste and the management of the land nutrient are provided.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S851.23

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