發(fā)布時間：2018-06-10 00:26

  本文選題：作物秸稈 + 人工飼料��； 參考：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：作物秸稈是重要的農(nóng)業(yè)資源,我國作物秸稈年產(chǎn)量約8億噸。作物收割后,大量秸稈被焚燒,既污染環(huán)境又浪費資源。為了有效利用作物秸稈資源,本文在調(diào)查和統(tǒng)計華中五省作物秸稈種類及數(shù)量的基礎(chǔ)上,對作物秸稈進(jìn)行基質(zhì)化處理后配制成人工飼料,研究了不同作物秸稈飼料對家蠅Musca domestica的飼喂效果,并比較分析了飼喂后家蠅幼蟲營養(yǎng)成分的變化,評估了秸稈飼料飼養(yǎng)的家蠅蛆粉對蛋雞生長發(fā)育的影響,為昆蟲轉(zhuǎn)化和利用作物秸稈提供了理論依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1華中五省作物秸稈資源種類及數(shù)量通過《中國統(tǒng)計年鑒2015》發(fā)布的各省大田作物種類,利用秸稈系數(shù)法評估華中五省秸稈產(chǎn)量。結(jié)果表明:2014年湖南、湖北、河南、江西和安徽華中五省秸稈總產(chǎn)量為21483.14萬噸,占全國秸稈總產(chǎn)量的27.36%,其中河南省秸稈資源最豐富,為7326.47萬噸。華中五省主要作物秸稈為水稻、小麥、玉米、豆類、花生和油菜秸稈,產(chǎn)量分別為8311.90、6033.69、2799.89、457.44、809.40及2141.88萬噸,其中,水稻秸稈主要分布于湖南(產(chǎn)量最多)、湖北、江西和安徽,小麥秸稈主要分布于河南(產(chǎn)量最多)、湖北和安徽,玉米秸稈主要分布于河南(產(chǎn)量最多)、湖北、湖南和安徽,豆類秸稈主要集中于安徽省,而五省都有油料作物秸稈,湖北省較多。2作物秸稈基質(zhì)化處理后對家蠅的飼喂效果為實現(xiàn)作物秸稈資源的有效利用,本研究對玉米、小麥和水稻秸稈進(jìn)行基質(zhì)化處理(包括機械粉碎和酵母發(fā)酵)后添加麥麩,配制成人工飼料飼養(yǎng)家蠅。結(jié)果顯示:1.25℃培養(yǎng)箱發(fā)酵3d后三種作物秸稈的的營養(yǎng)成分最佳;2.基于家蠅生物學(xué)指標(biāo)(孵化率、幼蟲存活率、化蛹率和羽化率)的測定結(jié)果,三種作物秸稈飼料對家蠅的飼喂效果依次為:玉米秸稈優(yōu)于小麥秸稈,小麥秸稈優(yōu)于水稻秸稈。故選擇玉米與小麥秸稈進(jìn)行后續(xù)實驗;3.秸稈飼料被家蠅幼蟲取食后,玉米秸稈飼料的粗蛋白、粗脂肪的含量顯著下降,小麥秸稈飼料的可溶性糖、淀粉、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量顯著下降�；谏鲜鼋Y(jié)果,獲得最佳的秸稈飼料配方:秸稈經(jīng)機械粉碎,過10目篩,稱取秸稈,添加1%的酵母及5-6倍的水,密封,于25℃培養(yǎng)箱中發(fā)酵3d;發(fā)酵后,與麥麩混配1:1制成人工飼料。最佳接蟲密度為:每250g飼料添加家蠅初孵幼蟲200mg。3秸稈飼料飼養(yǎng)的家蠅幼蟲營養(yǎng)成分通過獲得的優(yōu)化秸稈飼料配方飼養(yǎng)家蠅,篩出幼蟲制備成蛆粉,按照《食品安全國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》對家蠅蛆粉進(jìn)行了營養(yǎng)成分分析。結(jié)果表明:1.與常規(guī)飼料組(純麥麩)相比,玉米、小麥秸稈飼料飼養(yǎng)的家蠅幼蟲含水量、蛆粉粗蛋白、粗脂肪及灰分含量無顯著變化,其中蛋白質(zhì)含量分別為57.499%、57.802%、60.732%,說明可利用家蠅轉(zhuǎn)化和利用作物秸稈;2.三組飼養(yǎng)組蛆粉中均含有9種人體所需的必需氨基酸及10種非必需氨基酸,其中必需氨基酸/總氨基酸(EAA/TAA)分別為0.38、0.37及0.38,EAA/NEAA(非必需氨基酸)分別為0.62、0.58及0.61,家蠅幼蟲蛋白質(zhì)品質(zhì)符合FAO提出的優(yōu)質(zhì)蛋白理想模式,是較理想的昆蟲蛋白源。4秸稈飼料飼養(yǎng)的家蠅蛆粉對蛋雞生長發(fā)育的影響添加秸稈飼養(yǎng)的家蠅蛆粉于蛋雞基礎(chǔ)日糧中,研究家蠅蛆粉對蛋雞生長發(fā)育的影響。結(jié)果顯示:1.與空白對照組(基礎(chǔ)日糧)及陽性對照組(魚粉)相比,蛆粉飼養(yǎng)組蛋殼硬度顯著增加,常規(guī)飼料組(純麥麩)、玉米、小麥秸稈飼料組的蛋殼硬度,相對空白組提高了18.73%、46.40%及8.07%,相對魚粉組提高了18.05%、45.56%和7.45%;而蛆粉飼養(yǎng)組蛋雞體重、產(chǎn)蛋量、雞蛋重量、蛋清相對重、蛋黃相對重、蛋殼相對重以及蛋形指數(shù)與對照組并無顯著差異;2.添加蛆粉顯著提高了蛋雞血清中的溶菌酶活力和超氧化物歧化酶活力,而對總抗氧化能力無影響�？瞻讓φ战M,魚粉組,常規(guī)飼料組,玉米秸稈組,小麥秸稈組溶菌酶活力分別為139.65、166.24、317.46、387.24、324.26 U/ml,超氧化物歧化酶活力分別為311.00、385.06、361.74、394.48及339.64 U/ml,總抗氧化能力分別為12.91、12.70、12.21、12.74、11.88 U/ml。綜上所述,本文比較了不同秸稈對家蠅的飼喂效果,分析了秸稈飼養(yǎng)的家蠅幼蟲營養(yǎng)成分差異以及家蠅蛆粉對蛋雞生長發(fā)育的影響,建立了一種秸稈基質(zhì)化預(yù)處理和家蠅飼養(yǎng)轉(zhuǎn)化技術(shù),并開發(fā)了家蠅秸稈飼料優(yōu)化配方和最佳飼養(yǎng)密度。研究結(jié)果對作物秸稈資源的綜合利用及昆蟲轉(zhuǎn)化利用秸稈具有重要的理論和實踐意義。
[Abstract]:Crop straw is an important agricultural resource. The annual yield of crop straw in China is about 8 million tons. After crop harvest, a large number of straw is incineration, which not only pollutes the environment but also wastes resources. In order to effectively utilize crop straw resources, this paper is based on the investigation and statistics of the crop straw species and quantity in the five provinces of central China, and the crop straw is treated with the matrix treatment. The feeding effect of different crop straw feed on the Musca domestica of housefly was studied. The changes of the nutrient composition of the housefly larvae were compared and analyzed. The effects of the housefly maggot feed on the growth and development of the laying hens were evaluated, and the theoretical basis was provided for the transformation of insects and the utilization of crop straw. The results are as follows: 1 the species and quantity of crop straw resources in five provinces of central China are used to evaluate the yield of five provinces in Central China by means of straw coefficient method. The results show that the total straw yield of five provinces in Hunan, Hubei, Henan, Jiangxi and Anhui in 2014 is 214 million 831 thousand and 400 tons in Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi and Anhui, accounting for total straw yield in China. 27.36%, among them, Henan province has the most abundant straw resources, which is 73 million 264 thousand and 700 tons. The main crop straw in the five provinces of central China is rice, wheat, corn, legumes, peanuts and rape straw. The yield is 8311.906033.692799.89457.44809.40 and 21 million 418 thousand and 800 tons respectively. Among them, the rice straw is mainly distributed in Hunan (the highest yield), Hubei, Jiangxi and Anhui, small Wheat straw mainly distributed in Henan (the highest yield), Hubei and Anhui, corn stalks mainly distributed in Henan (the largest yield), Hubei, Hunan and Anhui. The soybean straw mainly concentrated in Anhui Province, and the five provinces all have oil crop straw. The feeding effect of the.2 crop straw to the housefly after the treatment of the more.2 crop straw in Hubei province is to realize the crop straw capital. The effective use of source, the study of corn, wheat and rice straw matrix treatment (including mechanical pulverization and yeast fermentation) to add wheat bran after the preparation of artificial feed to feed domestic flies. The results show that the nutrient composition of three crop stalks after 3D culture incubator for 3D is the best; 2. based on the biological index of housefly (hatching rate, larva survival) The results of the survival rate, the pupation rate and the emergence rate of the three crop straw feed were in turn: corn straw was superior to wheat straw, and the wheat straw was superior to the rice straw. Therefore, the follow-up experiment of maize and wheat straw was selected. After the 3. straw feed was fed by the housefly larvae, the crude protein and fat content of the corn straw feed were contained. The content of soluble sugar, starch, crude protein and crude fat in wheat straw feed decreased significantly. Based on the above results, the optimum formula of straw feed was obtained: straw was mechanically crushed, over 10 mesh sieves, straw, 1% yeast and 5-6 times water were added, and 3D was fermented in 25 centigrade incubator. After fermentation, 1:1 was mixed with wheat bran Artificial feed was made. The optimum density was as follows: the nutrient composition of the housefly larvae fed on the 200mg.3 straw feed of the first hatching larvae of the housefly per 250g feed was fed by the optimized straw feed formula, and the larvae were prepared to prepare the maggot powder. The nutritional composition of the housefly maggot powder was analyzed according to the national standard of food safety. The results showed that 1. Compared with the conventional feed group (pure wheat bran), there was no significant change in water content, crude protein, crude fat and ash content in corn and wheat straw feed, in which the content of protein was 57.499%, 57.802%, 60.732%, indicating that the housefly could be used to convert and use crop straw, and 9 kinds of human body were contained in 2. three groups. Essential amino acids and 10 non essential amino acids are needed, of which the essential amino acids / total amino acids (EAA/TAA) are 0.38,0.37 and 0.38, respectively, and EAA/NEAA (non essential amino acids) are 0.62,0.58 and 0.61 respectively. The protein quality of the housefly larvae is in accordance with the ideal model of high quality protein proposed by FAO, and is the home of the ideal insect protein source.4 straw feed. The effect of fly maggot powder on the growth and development of the chicken fed with straw fed maggot powder on the basal diet of the laying hens to study the effect of housefly maggot powder on the growth and development of the laying hens. The results showed that: 1. compared with the blank control group (basal diet) and the positive control group (fish meal), the egg shell hardness of the maggot powder feeding group increased significantly, the conventional feed group (Chun Maifu), corn. The hardness of the egg shell in the wheat straw feed group increased by 18.73%, 46.40% and 8.07%, and increased by 18.05%, 45.56% and 7.45% in the fish meal group, while the weight of the egg, the egg weight, the egg weight, the relative weight of the egg whites, the relative weight of the egg yolk, the relative weight of the eggshell and the egg shape index were not significantly different from those of the control group; 2. added maggot powder. The activity of lysozyme and superoxide dismutase in the serum of laying hens was improved, but the total antioxidant capacity was not affected. The activity of lysozyme in the blank control group, the fish meal group, the conventional feed group, the corn straw group and the wheat straw group were 139.65166.24317.46387.24324.26 U/ml, and the activity of superoxide dismutase was 311.00385.06,36, respectively. The total antioxidant capacity of 1.74394.48 and 339.64 U/ml was 12.91,12.70,12.21,12.74,11.88 U/ml., respectively. In this paper, the feeding effect of different straw on Housefly was compared, and the difference between the nutrient components of the housefly larvae and the effect of housefly maggot on the growth and development of the laying hens was analyzed. A straw stroma pretreatment was established. The optimum formula and optimum feeding density of domestic fly straw feed are developed, and the results are of great theoretical and practical significance to the comprehensive utilization of crop straw resources and the transformation and utilization of straw by insects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S816.5;S831

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本文編號：2001350