本文選題：江漢公雞 + 靈山母雞　； 參考：《長江大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：九十年代以來,隨著消費者對優(yōu)質(zhì)禽肉蛋產(chǎn)品需求的增加,江漢平原地區(qū)的柴雞養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展迅速。在快速發(fā)展的同時,也導(dǎo)致了當(dāng)?shù)亟瓭h雞品種的退化、不規(guī)范、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量參差不齊、市場銷售混亂等嚴(yán)重問題。針對當(dāng)前存在的問題,以及江漢雞本身長勢慢、體形小、性成熟晚等特點,本研究選擇冠基厚實、能高飛的江漢雞作父本,選擇體軀渾圓、性早熟的靈山雞作母本,進行雜交,挑選出羽色性狀與江漢雞相似的雜交母雞同江漢公雞進行四次回交,然后閉鎖選育形成江漢雞新品系,結(jié)果表明:(1)江漢公雞與靈山母雞雜交效果。利用靈山母雞與江漢雞進行雜交,黃色雛雞表現(xiàn)為江漢雞特征,黑灰色雛雞表現(xiàn)為靈山雞特征。雜交雞體斜長遺傳了江漢雞的特征,盆骨寬、遺傳了靈山雞的特征。交雞公雞的屠體率、腿肌率略高于母雞。雜交雞公雞的屠體率、比江漢雞公雞高。雜交雞蛋蛋形指數(shù)比江漢雞好,蛋黃保留了江漢雞的特性。蛋殼的顏色基本為褐色。(2)江漢雞與靈山雞雜交后代效果。四次回交結(jié)果如下:第一次回交實驗結(jié)果表明,雛雞為泥黃色和黑灰色。黃色成年后羽毛為江漢雞特征,黑色成年后表現(xiàn)為靈山雞特征。母雞平均蛋重46,24克,平均蛋形指數(shù)1.32,少數(shù)白色。公雞平均性成熟期87天。平均種蛋受精率91.82%,公雞半凈膛屠宰率76.6%,全凈膛屠宰率68.6%,母雞67.4%。第一次回交雞體重增長有3個高峰期和3個低谷期,8周齡后相對生長十分緩慢。第一次回交雞的蛋重比江漢雞高。雞蛋蛋形指數(shù)相近,蛋殼厚度略高于江漢雞,與雜交雞相近,蛋殼的顏色基本為褐色。從實驗結(jié)果可以看出,利用靈山母雞與雜交雞進行雜交,黃雞成年后表現(xiàn)為江漢雞特征,黑雞成年后表現(xiàn)為靈山雞特征。脛圍發(fā)育遺傳了靈山雞,脛長發(fā)育遺傳了江漢雞。第一次回交雞公雞的屠體率、高于母雞。第一次回交雞公雞的屠體率比江漢雞公雞高,母雞的屠體率比江漢雞母雞低。雞的蛋殼厚度略高于江漢雞,蛋黃保留了江漢雞的特性。第二次回交實驗結(jié)果表明,雛雞泥黃色和黑灰色,黃色比黑色多。泥黃雞羽毛表現(xiàn)為江漢雞特征,脛黃色。第二次回交雞體斜長、胸圍發(fā)育時間與第一次回交雞基本相同,成熟較晚的特性得到表現(xiàn)。第二次回交雞體重發(fā)育有三個高峰期,18周齡后相對生長十分緩慢。第二次回交雞體重增長情況基本不變。第二次回交雞的蛋重比江漢雞高,蛋形指數(shù)比江漢雞好,蛋殼厚度略高于江漢雞,蛋黃保留了江漢雞的特性。從實驗結(jié)果可以看出,利用靈山母雞與第一次回交雜雞進行雜交,泥黃色雞羽毛為江漢雞特征,黑灰色雞羽毛表現(xiàn)為靈山雞特征。第二次回交雞體重增長與第一次基本相同。脛長發(fā)育遺傳了江漢雞的特征,第二次回交雞公雞的屠體率比第一次回略低,母雞比第一次略高。第二次回交雞蛋的蛋殼厚度略高于江漢雞,蛋黃保留了江漢雞的特性。第三次回交實驗結(jié)果表明,雛雞成年后羽毛表現(xiàn)為江漢雞特征,脛黃或青色。27周齡公雞半凈膛屠宰率76.4%,全凈膛屠宰率68.4%。第三次回交雞第14周齡時體斜長、龍骨長,14~19周發(fā)育趨緩,脛長20周齡后停止發(fā)育。胸圍19~23周齡處于緩慢的發(fā)育狀態(tài),24周齡以后處于停止發(fā)育狀態(tài)。盆骨寬18~24周齡處于緩慢的發(fā)育狀態(tài),25周齡以后處于停止發(fā)育狀態(tài)。脛圍16周齡基本停止發(fā)育。第三次回交雞體重增長有3個高峰期和3個低谷期,18周齡后相對生長十分緩慢,27周齡時基本停止生長。第三次回交雞的蛋重比江漢雞(44g)、雜交雞(45.30g)第一次回交雞(46.24g)和第二次回交雞(46.58)高。第三次回交雞蛋蛋形指數(shù)比江漢雞好與雜交雞、第一次回交雞、第二次回交雞相近,第三次回交雞蛋的蛋殼厚度略高于江漢雞的蛋殼厚度,與雜交雞和第一次回交雞、第二次回交雞相近,蛋黃保留了江漢雞的特性。蛋殼的顏色基本為褐色。從實驗結(jié)果可以看出,利用靈山母雞與第二次回交雜雞進行雜交,雛雞成年后羽毛表現(xiàn)為江漢雞特征,黑灰色雛雞成年后羽毛表現(xiàn)為靈山雞特征。第三次回交雞體斜長發(fā)育時間比雜交雞推遲一周與第一次回交雞相同,比第二次回交雞發(fā)育提前。龍骨長、胸圍發(fā)育時間與第一次回交雞和第二次回交雞基本相同,表明了江漢雞的特性通過第三次回交得到了較好表現(xiàn)。第三次回交雞公雞的屠體率、半凈膛率、全凈膛率與第一次回交雞公雞相近比第二次回交雞公雞略低,母雞的屠體率、半凈膛率、全凈膛率與第一次回交雞母雞相近比第二次回交雞母雞略低。三次回交雞蛋蛋形指數(shù)比江漢雞好與雜交雞、第一次回交雞、第二次回交雞相近,第三次回交雞蛋的蛋殼厚度略高于江漢雞的蛋殼厚度,與雜交雞和第一次回交雞、第二次回交雞相近,蛋黃保留了江漢雞的特性。蛋殼的顏色基本為褐色。第四次回交實驗結(jié)果表明,雛雞羽毛顏色分為泥黃色和黑灰色,黑灰色雛雞成年后羽毛表現(xiàn)為靈山雞特征。27周齡公雞半凈膛屠宰率76.5%,全凈膛屠宰率68.5%。第四次回交雞體重增長有三個高峰三個低谷,18周齡后相對生長十分緩慢。第四次回交雞體重增長與之前基本相同,蛋重比江漢雞、雜交雞高。蛋形指數(shù)比江漢雞好與雜交雞、與之前雜交相近,蛋殼厚度略高于江漢雞,蛋黃保留了江漢雞的特性。從實驗結(jié)果可以看出,利用靈山母雞與第三次回交雜雞進行雜交,黃色雞羽毛表現(xiàn)為江漢雞特征,第四次回交雞發(fā)育時間推遲,比第二次回交雞發(fā)育提前,龍骨長、胸圍發(fā)育時間基本不變,江漢雞的特性仍然得到了較好表現(xiàn),發(fā)育特征穩(wěn)定遺傳了靈山雞的特征。第四次回交雞體重增長基本穩(wěn)定,蛋重比江漢雞、雜交雞等都高,蛋形指數(shù)比江漢雞好,蛋殼厚度略高于江漢雞的蛋殼厚度,蛋黃保留了江漢雞的特性。(3)江漢雞新品系的自繁效果。江漢雞新品系各項性能均比江漢雞提高,江漢雞新品系的外貌特征與江漢雞相似,不同點為脛比江漢雞細(xì)。母雞平均開產(chǎn)日齡152天比江漢雞(238天)提前86天。66周齡產(chǎn)蛋192枚比江漢雞(153枚)多產(chǎn)蛋39枚,平均蛋重47.84克比江漢雞(44克)重3.84克。平均蛋形指數(shù)1.32比江漢雞(1.28)好,蛋殼褐色,少數(shù)白色。公雞平均性成熟期86天比江漢公雞(92天)提前6天。公母雞配種比例1:10.平均種蛋受精率92.86%比江漢雞(81.32)高9.54%,平均受精蛋孵化率93.54%比江漢雞(86.30%)高7.24%。平均初生體重34.5克;4周齡160.2克;8周齡378.4克,13周齡823.5克,17周齡1321.2克,21周齡1521.3克,26周齡1622.6克;27周齡公雞平均半凈膛屠宰率76.7%,母雞75.8%;27周齡公雞平均全凈膛屠宰率68.7%,母雞67.7%。養(yǎng)殖上采用林草間套養(yǎng)生態(tài)養(yǎng)殖技術(shù),新型玻璃鋼材質(zhì)保溫雞舍養(yǎng)殖技術(shù),養(yǎng)雞成本大減、養(yǎng)殖效益劇增。
[Abstract]:Since the 90s, with the increase of consumers' demand for high-quality poultry and egg products, the breeding of Chai in Jianghan Plain has developed rapidly. At the same time, the rapid development has led to the deterioration of the local chicken breeds, irregular, uneven product quality, and the confusion of market and sales. The chicken itself has the characteristics of slow growth, small body shape and late sexual maturity. In this study, this study chose the crown base and high flying Jianghan chicken as the father, choose the body with a round and precocious Lingshan chicken as the mother and cross, and select the feather color character of the hybrid hen similar to Jianghan chicken for four backcross, and then to form a new Jianghan chicken. The results showed that: (1) the crossbreeding effect of Jianghan cock and Lingshan hen. Using Lingshan hen and Jianghan chicken, the yellow chicks were characterized by Jianghan chicken, and the black and gray chicks were characterized by Lingshan chicken. The characteristics of the Jianghan chicken were inherited by the hybrid chicken body, the pelvic bone was wide, and the characteristics of the chicks were inherited. The slaughterhouse rate and leg muscles of chicken cocks were made. The rate slightly higher than the hen. The slaughter rate of the hybrid chicken is higher than the Jianghan chicken. The egg shape index of the hybrid egg is better than the Jianghan chicken. The egg yolk keeps the characteristics of the Jianghan chicken. The color of the egg shell is basically brown. (2) the results of the cross offspring of Jianghan chicken and Lingshan chicken. The results of the four backcross results are as follows: the results of the first backcross experiment showed that the chicks were yellow yellow and the yellow chicks were yellowish and yellow. The Yellow adult feathers are characteristic of the Jianghan chicken, and the black adult is characterized by Lingshan chicken. The average egg weight of the hen is 46,24 grams, the average egg shape index is 1.32, the average mature period of the rooster is 87 days. The average seed egg fertilization rate is 91.82%, the rooster's half clean slaughter rate is 76.6%, the full chamber slaughtering rate is 68.6%, the hen's 67.4%. first backcross chicken body The heavy growth has 3 peak periods and 3 trough periods, and the relative growth is very slow after 8 weeks of age. The egg weight of the first backcross chicken is higher than the Jianghan chicken. The egg egg shape index is similar, the eggshell thickness is slightly higher than that of the Jianghan chicken, and the color of the eggshell is basically brown. The yellow chicken was characterized by Jianghan chicken after adult. The black chicken was characterized by Lingshan chicken after adult. Lingshan chicken was inherited from the tibia circumference. The growth rate of the tibia length was inherited. The slaughterhouse rate of the first backcross Chicken Rooster was higher than that of the hen. The slaughter rate of the first backcross Chicken Rooster was higher than the Jianghan chicken. The slaughterhouse rate of the hens was lower than the Jianghan hen. The thickness of the shell was slightly higher than the Jianghan chicken, and the yolk retained the characteristics of Jianghan chicken. The results of the second backcross experiments showed that the chicken was yellow and black, and the yellow was more than black. The feather of the yellowish chicken was characterized by the characteristics of the Jianghan chicken, shin yellow, the second backcross chicken body was long, the development time of the chest was basically the same as that of the first backcross chicken. The body weight development of the second backcross chickens has three peak periods, and the relative growth is very slow after 18 weeks of age. The weight growth of the second backcross chickens is basically unchanged. The egg weight of the second backcross chickens is higher than the Jianghan chicken. The egg shape index is better than the Jianghan chicken. The eggshell thickness is slightly higher than the Jianghan chicken. The egg yolk preserves the characteristics of the Jianghan chicken. The experimental results can be obtained. It is found that the Lingshan hen has been hybridized with the first backcross fowl, and the yellow chicken feathers are characteristic of Jianghan chicken, and the black gray chicken feathers are characterized by Lingshan chicken. The weight growth of the second backcross chickens is basically the same as the first time. The growth of the tibia length has inherited the characteristics of the Jianghan chicken, and the slaughter rate of the second backcross chicken roosters is slightly lower than the first time. The hens were slightly higher than the first time. The eggshell thickness of the second backcross eggs was slightly higher than the Jianghan chicken. The yolk retained the characteristics of the Jianghan chicken. The results of the third backcross experiments showed that the feathers of the chicks were characteristic of the Jianghan chicken, the half clean slaughtering rate of the tibia yellow or green.27 week old cocks was 76.4%, and the full chamber butcher rate was 68.4%. third times for the chickens for fourteenth weeks. The age of the body is long, the keel is long, the growth of the 14~19 week is slow and the tibia grows after 20 weeks of age. The chest circumference is in a slow development state at the age of 19~23 weeks, and after 24 weeks of age it is in a state of stop development. The pelvic bone is in a slow development state at the age of 18~24 weeks, and after the age of 25 weeks, the development of the tibia circumference is basically stopped at the age of 16 weeks. Third times of backcross chicken are found. The growth of body weight has 3 peak periods and 3 trough periods, and the relative growth is very slow after 18 weeks of age, and the growth is basically stopped at the age of 27. The egg weight of the third backcross chicken is higher than the Jianghan chicken (44g), the first backcross chicken (46.24g) and the second backcross chicken (46.58). The egg shape index of the third backcross egg is better than the Jianghan chicken and the hybrid chicken, first. The second times backcross chicken was similar. The thickness of egg shell of third backcross eggs was slightly higher than that of Jianghan chicken. It was similar to the hybrid chicken and the first backcross chicken and second backcross chickens. The yolk retained the characteristics of the Jianghan chicken. The color of the eggshell was basically brown. It can be seen from the experimental results that the Lingshan hen and second backcross were used. The chicken feathers are characterized by Jianghan chicken, and the feathers of the black and gray chicks are characterized by Lingshan chicken. The growth time of the third backcross chicken bodies is the same as that of the first backcross chickens. The length of the keel, the development time of the chest circumference and the first backcross chicken and the first time, are the same as those of the first backcross chickens. The two backcross chickens were basically the same, indicating that the characteristics of the Jianghan chicken were better by the third backcross. The slaughterhouse rate, the half net chamber rate, the full chamber rate of the third backcross chicken and the first backcross Chicken Rooster were slightly lower than the second backcross chicken, the slaughter rate, the half net chamber rate, the full chamber rate and the first backcross hen hen. The egg shaped index of the three backcross eggs is better than that of the Jianghan chicken, the first backcross chicken and the second backcross chicken. The thickness of the egg shell of the third backcross eggs is slightly higher than the eggshell thickness of the Jianghan chicken. The egg yolk is similar to the hybrid chicken and the first backcross chicken and the second backcross chicken. The yolk retained the Jianghan chicken. The color of the eggshell is basically brown. The results of the fourth backcross experiments show that the color of the chicken feathers is divided into mud yellow and black gray, the black gray chicken feathers are shown to be 76.5% of the half clean slaughtering rate of the.27 week old cock of the Lingshan chicken, and the total net butt slaughtering rate is three peaks and three lows, 18 weeks for 18 weeks. The relative growth after age is very slow. The weight growth of the fourth backcross chickens is basically the same as before, the egg weight is higher than the Jianghan chicken and the hybrid chicken. The egg shape index is better than the Jianghan chicken and the hybrid chicken. The thickness of the egg shell is slightly higher than that of the Jianghan chicken. The egg yolk keeps the characteristics of the Jianghan chicken. It can be seen from the experimental results that the Lingshan hen and third are used. The yellow chicken feathers were characterized by Jianghan chicken. The development time of the fourth backcross chickens was delayed, and the development time of the chickens was earlier than that of the second backcross chickens. The length of the keel was long and the development time of the chest was basically the same. The characteristics of the Jianghan chicken were still better. The characteristics of the chicks were stable and the fourth times of backcross chickens gained weight. The egg weight is higher than Jianghan chicken and hybrid chicken, and the egg shape index is better than Jianghan chicken. The thickness of eggshell is slightly higher than the eggshell thickness of Jianghan chicken. The egg yolk keeps the characteristics of Jianghan chicken. (3) the self propagation effect of the new line of Jianghan chicken. The features of the new lines of Jianghan chicken are higher than those of Jianghan chicken. It seems that the different point is Shin than Jianghan chicken. The average day of birth of the hen is 152 days older than Jianghan chicken (238 days), 86 days.66 weeks old, 192 more eggs than Jianghan chicken (153) eggs 39, the average egg weight 47.84 grams than Jianghan chicken (44 grams) weight 3.84 grams. The average egg shape index 1.32 is better than the Jianghan chicken (1.28), eggshell brown, a small number of white. Cock average maturation period 86 It is 6 days ahead of Jianghan Rooster (92 days). The rate of male hen's mating ratio 1:10. egg fertilization rate is 92.86% higher than that of Jianghan chicken (81.32), and the average hatching rate of the average fertilized egg is 93.54% more than that of Jianghan chicken (86.30%), and the average primary weight of 7.24%. is 160.2 grams of 160.2 grams, 8 weeks of age 378.4 grams, 13 weeks of age 823.5, weekly age grams, weekly ages .6 gram; the average half clean slaughter rate of the 27 week old rooster was 76.7%, the hen was 75.8%, the average full slaughter rate of the 27 week old rooster was 68.7%. The 67.7%. culture of the hens adopted the ecoculture technology of the forest and grass, the new type of glass fiber reinforced plastic breeding technology, the cost of poultry raising was greatly reduced and the culture benefit increased dramatically.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S831

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2 張曉芳;雞蛋外觀品質(zhì)識別方法及試驗裝置研究[D];內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2006年

3 沈立權(quán);微衛(wèi)星DNA標(biāo)記與新?lián)P州雞蛋用性狀的相關(guān)研究[D];揚州大學(xué);2004年

4 李治學(xué);雞鈣代謝調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)基因真核表達質(zhì)粒應(yīng)用效果的研究[D];揚州大學(xué);2007年

5 金鵬;欣華蛋雞E系連產(chǎn)及蛋用性狀的數(shù)量遺傳分析[D];華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2010年

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